How NOT to Do Away with One’s Hero or Heroine …

How often have you read a Regency based story and the author uses some sort of concoction to incapacitate the hero or the heroine? Heck, I have written that plot line several times. Yet, what was the truth of this action?

Mostly used during the period were opium based and alcohol based mixtures and were used for pain. Some were plant based in could be found among the herbal realm, but, generally, nothing during the day worked efficiently and safely. Part of the problem was the dosage could not be adjusted for the person’s weight and medical history, as one might find today. A woman like my 95 pounds mother might be given the same dosage as a 200 pounds man.

How to Kill Off a Hero or Other Character ~ https://www.wikihow.life/Kill-off-a-Hero-or-Other-Character

In this short excerpt below from my Realm series (A Touch of Cashémere, book 3), a man has kidnapped Cashémere Aldridge, or, at least, he believes the woman is Cashémere, who her Scottish uncle has promised to the man. The only problem is Lachlan Charters does not realize Cashémere has an identical twin sister. He has grabbed the wrong girl. In this scene, he has taken her to his farm in Scotland. He has Satiné locked in a small cottage/hut on his land. In this scene, we learn Charters has used a sponge/rag soaked in a combination of opium, hemlock and mandragora. Knock one’s socks off!!!!

Charters silently opened the room’s door. He’d used a concealed exit to the wine cellar to come out behind several large boulders some one hundred yards east of his home. Such tunnels had come with the house when his father had purchased the land some fifty years past. As a child, Lachlan had spent endless hours playing castle and knights in the darkened passages. Some thought the house, which had been built upon the ruins of a Scottish keep, held ghosts and even a curse, but practical Lachlan had never believed any such tales. Yet, as he’d emerged from the hidden entrance, a shiver of foreboding had shot down his spine. “Maybe I should let the gel go free,” he told himself as he set a course towards the cottage, but Lachlan had realized it was too late for him to do so. He’d have to do what Averette had suggested.

He’d taken the last of the sponges with him. Before he’d gone to England, Lachlan had sent to his maternal grandmother, her clan’s healer, for something to deaden pain. The woman regularly dealt in drugs not readily found in the bags of country doctors. His grandmother had sent him a mixture of opium, hemlock, and mandragora. Lachlan had seen his grandmother use sponges soaked in the mixture to ease grown men into a peaceful sleep while she reset their broken bones or removed bullets. It was what he’d used on Cashémere to subdue the girl so he might remove her from her English home. Afterwards, he’d given her laudanum mixed in water to keep her unconscious through most of their journey to his home. On the road, he couldn’t trust her not to attempt an escape, but now she’d returned to Scotland, Lachlan had hoped their joining wouldn’t be so repugnant to the girl.

“It be good to see you up,” he said softly as he closed the door behind him and set the lock. The girl didn’t turn. She’d moved the lone chair in the room to sit before the window, and she appeared entranced by her narrow view of the world. Lachlan placed the small basket he’d carried on the table. “I brought ye some more food.” Still, she didn’t respond, and he’d wondered what bothered her. “I be sorry, Gel, for being so rough with ye, but I had no way of convincing ye to come back to me.” He chuckled lightly. “I not be treating you as such once ye be me wife. Ye know I care deeply for ye. I need me a wife to give me children and to tend the children, but I want a gel with whom I kin get along.”

As was mentioned in the last part of the excerpt, if someone wanted to drug a person, he would probably try a drop or two of laudanum, but, no one knew how much to use to make a person sleepy, even apothecaries could not name a definitive amount to use.

In my Tragic Characters in Classic Literature tale, I Shot the Sheriff, I used laudanum to keep the heroine subdued once she was kidnapped.

In all honesty, at times he felt as if he should have been the parent of the other two gentlemen who had joined Miss Busnik and her friends for supper; yet, he could not recall a time he more enjoyed himself at a ball, even during those days when he caroused with the best of them, he had never known such contentment. Naturally, he doubted he had ever been so green as were the two sons of two different earls who shared his table, when he had been their age, but, perhaps, his memory had been skewed by the fact Miss Busnik permitted him to hold her hand for a brief period, until he feared their indiscretion had become obvious to Miss Harrison. Skin to skin. No gloves. All done on a hush. Beneath the table drape, he had held her hand against his knee. Heat streaming through his body in anticipation. 

The lady’s eyes had opened wider in surprise when his fingers first sought hers, but she had recovered quickly, even smiling at him in what he hoped was encouragement. The heat of her skin against his had done strange things to his own composure. Miss Busnik was so demme perfect, the idea made him ache with desire to claim her. If he would be so blessed to know a woman of Miss Busnik’s ilk as his own, he would spend the remainder of his days on this earth attempting to prove himself worthy of her. 

He had sat beside her, conversing with those around them, as if they had done so for years. However, if she had known the direction of even a small portion of his thoughts, she would have slapped his face and stormed away. 

Finally, the supper hour drew to a close, and he dutifully assisted her to her feet. He was not certain how much longer he would remain at the ball. They could not, according to the indubitable rules of propriety, dance together again, and it would be impossible for him to watch her on the dance floor, enjoying the interest of other men. However, when she swayed in place, as if attempting to gain her balance, he was not about to leave her side. He caught her elbow to steady her. “Are you unwell, my dear?” Now, that he looked closely at her, she appeared a bit pale. 

“Just a bit light-headed. Too much to drink, I suspect,” she said with a weak smile. 

“To the best of my knowledge, you have had but two glasses of champagne this evening, the one we shared earlier and the toast we made over supper. The rest of your libations have been the lemon punch,” he argued. 

“Perhaps I drank the last toast too quickly. I am not known to be a drinker.” She looked up into his face, and William could note her eyes were watery. “I rarely consume champagne.” 

“Then you should have said something,” he mildly chastised. “You must not drink simply to be sociable. That was a hard lesson I learned years ago.” He glanced around to a nearly empty room, couples returning to the dance floor. “I would not like to hand you off to another if you are feeling poorly. Have you promised this upcoming dance to another?”

She shook her head in the negative. “I had hoped we could walk the room again,” she admitted. 

The idea pleased him, but his concern for her took precedence. “Instead of walking the room, mayhap we could step out on the terrace. We will stay near the open doors where people can view us, but the cool night air could cure your lightheadedness.” 

“I would enjoy doing so.” She accepted his arm, leaning heavier against it than she had earlier in the evening. She appeared rather more sleepy than inebriated, in his opinion, but William had little experience telling the difference when it came to women. When he had previously shared a bed with a woman, sleeping was not part of the reason to be together. The idea suddenly struck him that he would not mind sleeping beside Miss Busnik, no matter whether they shared the bed for other reasons or not. He would cherish the idea of falling asleep with her in his arms. 

Slowly, and purposefully, he set a course for the nearest door leading to the terrace. At length, they were outside, a cool breeze easing the heat of the ballroom. He led her to a nearby bench, propping her back against the balcony’s wall, before kneeling before her. She had not said a word the whole time they traversed the ballroom, a fact completely uncharacteristic of the lady. 

“My dear Miss Busnik,” he said softly so as not to draw attention. A few other couples were making their return to the ballroom, and he did not want them to hear his concerns. “I fear you suffer from more than a glass of champagne.” 

Her eyes opened briefly to look into his. “I believe you are correct, sir.” 

He shrugged out of his tail coat and wrapped it around her shoulders when he noted that she shivered. “With your permission, I will leave you alone for a minute while I fetch your brother. Promise me you will not attempt to stand on your own.” 

“Promise,” she whispered weakly, leaning her head back against the wall and closing her eyes again. 

Obviously, for storytellers, a knockout punch was much more reliable.

One must remember neither ether nor chloroform were available during the Regency Era. WIKIPEDIA says Chloroform was first made by an American for a pesticide. It was first used in medicine 1847.

Ether seems to have come to notice about the same time in 1846. Ether was known for centuries; however, it’s anesthesia properties were not employed until the 1840s, and it is highly likely more than scientists would have had access to it.

Ether and chloroform might prove boon to Victorian authors, though. However, I still wonder, how does one carry a rag soaked with chloroform or ether around with one without having it affect the person toting it about?  Can you not image the villain overcome by the vapors or having the vapors evaporate before the rag could be employed in some nefarious manner?

A person set on something nefarious pretty much just had laudanum or straight opium. Opium smoke would put someone in a daze, but was also risky to the person creating it. Some other natural herbs with sleep properties, but the drug would have to be ingested.

No Thank You, We Like Pain a seven-minute listen on NPR is very enlightening, but this excerpt proves to be quite helpful. I have provided the link below.

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=125730340

The trouble with Laughing gas and electricity is that they require  an apparatus and certainly not part of the Regency era. Other substances require them to be ingested.

Many substances and articles were invented long before they became available to the general public.

As to routes, we must remember, a medication administration route is often classified by the location at which the drug is applied, such as oral or intravenous. Therefore, I am adding a couple of quick notes about routes:

Inhaled substances act quickly on the brain (think about it—nose straight up to sinus, close to brain—fast acting). This is why the modern Narcan is often administered by an inhaled device (really kills an opiate buzz fast). So breathing in a gas is the way to go for speed. It reacts within 15 seconds on up to about a minute, depending on what is administer and how much is given.

Next, you could go directly into the bloodstream, better known as an IV. This usually acts in about 5 minutes. Unfortunately in film stories, a quick jab with a needle and out the person goes. Such is pure movie fiction.

Next, is an injection into a muscle. This can take 15 to 20 minutes or longer to react to the body.

Lastly we have ingestion-—drinking or eating any substance to cause either poisoning or some kind of altered mental state, such as being unconscious takes time and may require a great quantity of the drug. Drinking a lot of hard spirits can tank you because the body cannot process it fast enough. Usually it would take about 20-30 minutes or more for anyone to go down, but such depends on the person and amount ingested.

Also, not everyone reacts the same. This is why hospitals have someone dedicated to putting anyone out—one may have to adjust as he goes. This is true for all substances–inhaled, into vein, into muscle, digested.

As to hitting anyone on the head. It is actually difficult and dangerous to “knock someone out.” This is called a concussion—anytime anyone is unconscious, he suffers brain damage to some degree. One has actually to rattle the brain around to knock a person out. A hit on the head is far more likely to produce pain, staggering, nausea, and bleeding.

Now, some folks have what is called “a glass jaw.” He/She are extremely sensitivity in the jaw and such can lead to enough pain to “knockout” someone. Usually this applies to boxing. If one hits the right place in the jaw, down goes his opponent. Just keep in mind, one REALLY has to know how to do this—the placement of the punch and how hard to hit. Not easy in any manner whatsoever.

So…the fiction of easily making someone unconscious without killing them is just that: FICTION. Gas is the best way to go. Lovely carbon monoxide, which one can get from a wood stove, will make everyone feel like they have the flu, and, eventually, they pass out as the carbon monoxide replaces the oxygen in the body. However, as the NPR article noted, most folks really do not know anything about air exchange or what happens in the body with using any kind of pain killers.

If nothing else works, I suppose you might consider mesmerism, meaning hypnotism. It has been used both to treat and leave folks unable to feel the pain. Or if the person doing the bad deed is a student of history, he might go back to some old fashioned ideas, meaning a sponge soaked in opium and hemlock—which sounds like it’ll be one of those kill or cure ideas. That is, unless you are an author and need a means to put the hero or heroine in dire straits, then it is ALWAYS . . . well, not a cure, but the characters will survive.

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Celebrating the Release of “Two Earls to Love” With Two Excerpts and a Giveaway

The first of the “two earls” featured in this collection was released in the summer of 2022 as part of the Regency Summer Garden Anthology (which is only available in print format).

Rose Vickers has been sent home by her parents from India where she has lived since she was a mere child. She arrives in England with her Indian ayah (a native maid or nursemaid employed by Europeans in India) and the woman’s son in tow. For some five years she had attempted to keep her estate from faltering, but Rose knows nothing of running the estate, and as both parents have perished in an uprising in India where her father served with the East India Company’s army, she has trusted first one scoundrel and then another. She will not fully inherit until she is one and twenty, so what does she do before then?

The Earl’s English Rose: A Regency Romance Novella 

The new Earl of Everwalt was not one to appreciate being bamboozled by an obstinate, headstrong girl, though pretty she may be. If he did not require her to repair his reputation, he would leave her to the schemes she had concocted to save her father’s estate. 

Just because he was now her guardian, the Earl of Everwalt had no right to decide who she might marry. Therefore, Miss Rose Vickers sets out for London to provide the new earl a piece of her mind, only to run into a highwayman. As if scripted, the new earl proves to be her savior, but it would be some time before the suspicious Rose and the extremely susceptible Everwalt learn the depth of their connection and the true meaning of love. 

Excerpt:

“I see.” Rose Vickers managed to murmur as Mr. Arnold Palmer explained something of the passing of her step-mother’s eldest brother. Naturally, she had expected as such; yet, it made her sad to think upon the world losing another kind soul. When Lord Everwalt did not answer her multiple pleas for the assistance he had promised, she had repeatedly told herself his lordship had not abandoned her as those around her had often warned. “And you say the new Lord Everwalt means to continue the guardianship?”

Mr. Palmer wiped his palms down across the trousers he wore, evidence he was as uncomfortable with this conversation as was she. “Most assuredly, the present Lord Everwalt will see all you have chronicled set to right. First, I must issue a caveat, however. Surely you comprehend his lordship must first appear before the House of Lords in a formal ceremony to be recognized before that esteemed chamber as Everwalt.”

Rose swallowed her words of protest. “And how long will this formal recognition require of the earl?”

“It is my understanding the ceremony is scheduled to occur when Parliament returns to the Capital for its next session, along with the more prestigious families of the land,” Mr. Palmer explained. “Such is seven weeks removed.”

Alarm registered in Rose’s chest. “That is nearly two months. My father’s tenants must have seed to grow. Food on their tables. I have already sold many of the colonel’s favorite belongings to hold the estate together while I waited for the previous Lord Everwalt to act upon my behalf. I require the new earl’s intervention immediately. I can only do so much without my guardians’s permission. I am not yet of age.”

Mr. Palmer fidgeted in his chair. “I will relay your concerns to the new earl, but I must warn you his lordship has much of which to attend as he transitions to his rightful title. Have you no one to assist you with the estate business?”

“Lord Everwalt was the only guardian my parents saw to name on my behalf. As to the estate, I released my father’s steward when the tenants’ complaints proved to be true,” she explained. “Dhruv Bhatt has taken over many of the responsibilities Mr. Rinhart had ignored; yet, things have not gone as well as I had hoped. As to conducting business for the estate, as I am not of age and I am a woman, I cannot ask for credit for supplies. Such is the reason I have sold off some of my father’s possessions so I can offer the shopkeepers and others coins for the estate’s needs.”

“My, you are ingenious,” Mr. Palmer offered in praise. “And I promise to relay your concerns to Lord Everwalt upon my return to London.”

********

“You I might discover here,” Diya Bhatt said through a thick Indian accent and the typical reversals found in all her conversations. The woman had been the only “ayah” Rose could recall with her parents had arrived in India some fifteen years prior. Diya had been Rose’s closest confidante since she was a child. The woman had traveled to England with Rose when she returned some three years earlier, but, more importantly, “Ayah” had remained in England, even after Rose had received word of her parents’ passing.

“I fear I am quite predictable,” Rose said with a slight shrug of embarrassment. She pulled her knees in closer to her body to make room for the woman. She sat sideways on a long bench beneath her real mother’s favorite rose arbor, thus, the source of her name. And although the roses had lost their petals because of the winter months, some buds were still evident, and they gave her great comfort whenever the world felt too much for Rose to handle.

The late Lady Helen Vickers had been the only mother of which Rose held true memories, but Rose often imagined her real mother was in her room at night and watching over her, and she knew the look of her real mother, for her father had always commented on how much Rose had favored the late Mrs. Charlotte Vickers. However, those borrowed memories were the only ones she owned: Her mother had been ill for an elongated period before she passed, and Rose was not yet two years of age at the time.

She sighed heavily. “It is as we suspected. Lord Everwalt has passed. The new earl has promised to continue his support, but, as, he has yet to be named ‘Everwalt’ by the House of Lords, I cannot say when the financial allotments will resume.”

“The urgency to Mr. Palmer you did explain, did not you?” her ayah asked in well-practiced tones.

“Naturally, but, as Mr. Palmer is simply Lord Everwalt’s man of business, I fear he will not fully express the dire need of my request. After all, I am nothing more than another obligation the new Lord Everwalt has assumed.”

Ayah’s eyebrow rose in observation. “At least the reports of Lord Everwalt’s ‘activities’ now you know in the newsprints were not the the kindly ‘grandfather-like’ man Memsahib Vickers introduced through her letters to you.”

“We must thank our stars for that particular face, but such means the reports of Lord Everwalt and his mistress are in reference to my new guardian,” Rose countered.

Diya looked away as if seeing something Rose did not. “Your choice be few, my child.”

“I have settled on a plan,” Rose stated as she turned to place her feet on the ground, “but I would be willing to listen to your preferences.” Staring straight ahead, she asked, “Would you care to go first or should I?”

Diya said solemnly, “You believe yourself to speak to the new Lord Everwalt rather than you should wait in dependence on Mr. Palmer.”

Rose turned to the woman who had served her loyally for many years. “I do. Do you think my plan too forward on my part. From what little we know of the new Lord Everwalt, could such a man be trusted to act honorably?”

“Maintaining a mistress not be part of character of elder Lord Everwalt, I think,” Diya declared. “He was a man to be admired.”

“Amiable, truly defined the man,” Rose said softly as she recalled the few brief days she had spent with the previous earl, “yet, we do not know his nature when he was younger.” She sighed in

resignation. “Despite the presence of both a former mistress and the likely employment of a new one, we know nothing of the present lord—nothing of the true essence of his character. Therefore, I cannot but think I must personally plead my case before the earl.”

“How be so possible unless his lordship calls on you in Dover?” Diya asked, as confusion furrowed her brow.

“I plan to travel to London to request an audience with the earl,” Rose declared. “Surely, if the late Lord Everwalt educated the new lord, as Mr. Palmer assures me the former earl did, then the younger Lord Everwalt will be both reasonable and responsible.”

“If not he be?” Diya asked in obvious concern.

“Then I shall know how to proceed. I will return to Beetham Hall and either release a third of my father’s cottagers to conserve the land and the funds we have, or I will accept a marriage offer and pray the man I choose will not run through my inheritance before I turn one and twenty and claim a voice in estate matters.”

“With you I go,” Diya stated firmly.


“I hoped you would agree,” Rose admitted. “I do not believe I could face Lord Everwalt without you near.”

***************************************************

The second story in this collection was originally released the summer of 2021 as part of the Regency Mid-Summer Mischief anthology.

In the story, the heroine’s father is labeled “Brook’s Crook” for is from Brook, a hamlet in the civil parish of Bramshaw, in Hampshire, England. It lies just inside the New Forest. The hamlet contains a mix of 18th and 19th century cottages, just south of the village of Bramshaw. There are two inns in Brook on opposite sides of the road – The Green Dragon and The Bell Inn. Both buildings date from the 18th century, albeit with 19th and 20th century alterations. Brook is also home to the club-house of Bramshaw Golf Club, which claims to be the oldest golf club in Hampshire.

Just south of the village at Lower Canterton lies the Rufus Stone. This stone is said to mark the place where in 1100 the then King of England, William Rufus, was killed by an arrow whilst out hunting. The arrow was fired by a French nobleman, Walter Tyrell, but it has never been established if the death was an accident or murder.

Brook: the green A large-ish wedge-shaped green on the acute junction of the B3078 and a small side lane. The Bell Inn is in the distance. ~ CC BY-SA 2.0 File:Brook, the green – geograph.org.uk – 1444359.jpg ~ Created: 15 August 2009 ~ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brook,New_Forest#/media/File:Brook,_the_greengeograph.org.uk-_1444359.jpg

The Jewel Thief and the Earl 

Grandison Franklyn, 8th Earl Harlow, has earned the moniker “Grandison, the Great” for a variety of reasons: his well-honed attitude of superiority; his appearance; and a string of mistresses, most notably Lady Jenest, who created a “great” row when he cut her loose. 

Miss Colleen Everley is the daughter of England’s most notorious thief, a man called “Brook’s Crook.” Colleen has been taught many of her father’s skills, along with an eye for the value of each item in a room. Unfortunately, the lady does not possess Thomas Everley’s daring. 

Lord Harlow and Miss Everley must combine forces to return Queen Charlotte’s sapphire necklace before Her Majesty learns it is missing. Toss in a healthy sprinkling of quirky characters and missteps in the investigation, and the reader will find a delightful tale that goes beyond the “Cinderella” effect and opposites attract.

Excerpt:

Grand had been in many low-born areas of London, but not this particular one. He gagged, despite holding a handkerchief over his nose. The stench made it hard to breathe; yet, Miss Everley moved along the streets as if she was strolling through the Queen’s gardens. Garbage and human waste crawled along the curb of the road as a light drizzle attempted to rinse away the muck. In Grandison’s opinion, it would take a hurricane to wash away the filth piled upon these particular streets.

“We shall begin here,” Miss Everley announced.

Grandison looked up to view a building leaning against the one beside it. He wondered if someone pushed hard enough on the exterior wall of the first building, if all along the street would fold in on themselves, one after another, like the ribs of a lady’s fan, until they were all flattened. “Who are we seeking within?” he asked, his nose wrinkling again. “Surely no one inside would possess knowledge of a sapphire necklace.”

“You may be surprised,” she responded.

As he held the door for her, loud, coarse language could be heard within. Grand glanced to Miss Everley, but the lady showed no sign she had even heard the string of curse words exchanged by two men, who stood across from each other at a table strewn with cards. He wondered how often, during her upbringing, she had been exposed to the underbelly of society. Oddly, he took offense, for, in Grand’s opinion, no lady of her quality should have previously tramped through these streets nor known her way around the community.

A bruiser of a man blocked their entrance until his eyes fell upon Miss Everley, and they softened. “Good evening, miss. Didnae know ye meant to call tonight. Mr. William didnae say nothin’ to me of it.”

Miss Everley laid her hand on the man’s beefy arm and batted her eyes at him. “Such is my fault, Mr. Hahn. I did not send Mr. William a note of my desire to speak to him on a matter of importance. Would it be an imposition to claim a few minutes of his time?”

From his place behind her, Grand watched as man after man inside the establishment placed his cards or his drink down before him and turned his attention to Miss Everley and him. Despite the rough clothing they both wore, they certainly did not fit in among these people. Moreover, they were sadly outnumbered, at least twenty to one. Even so, Grand edged closer to the lady, prepared to drag her from the place, if necessary.

Mr. Hahn glanced to Grand. “And yer friend, miss?”

“Will not harm anyone unless someone is foolish enough to attempt to pick his pocket or come too close to me,” she declared in bored tones.

Mr. Hahn barked a laugh. “Ye always be the brave one, beggin’ yer pardon, miss, fer me sayin’ so.”

Again, Miss Everley smiled on the man. “No offense taken. In fact, if you give me a moment, there is a cloth sack in my basket, especially for you. I made you something sweet.”

“Biscuits?” the man questioned through a toothy grin.

“You know I would not beg for your assistance,” she countered, “without a bit of a bribe.”

“Better than a monkey,” the man declared. “Come along. Mr. William be in his office.”

Miss Everley handed the man a cloth sack, tied off the string, and Grand wondered what else she had in the basket she carried.

As they crossed the room, he remained close behind her. All eyes in the place followed their movements, and he glanced over his shoulder several times to make certain no one approached. Meanwhile, Miss Everley walked past the rubble with her head held high and not a glance, one way or the other, at the danger within the room. In Grand’s opinion, she was both quite foolish and quite magnificent at the same time.

Mr. Hahn stopped before a dark door and gave it a cursory knock before opening it. “Miss Everley, sir, come to speak to you.” Mr. Hahn stepped aside to permit their entrance into the office before closing the door behind them as he returned to his post.

A man Grand recognized as the youngest son of Lord Harris- Green and another of Liverpool’s agents stood to greet them. Grand knew a scowl of disapproval marked his brow, but he held his tongue, at least for the moment. “Mr. William,” as the man was obviously known in this section of London, came around the desk to take the hand the lady extended to him and to bring it to his lips for an air kiss. “My dear, Miss Everley. What brings you to our door and at this hour? If I had known you were desirous to speak to me, I would have arranged a more suitable situation. You know I cannot guarantee your safety unless I am aware of your presence in this area of London.”

“Do not chide me, Lionel,” the lady said sweetly, causing Grand’s scowl to deepen. She did not speak to him in that particular tone, which was likely for the best, for it could be his undoing. “As you may readily observe, I did not travel alone. Moreover, Jones and Ardent wait outside, ‘anticipating,’ shall we say, my return.”

“Mr. William” raised an eyebrow to glance to Grand, but the man kept possession of Miss Everley’s hand. It was all Grandison could do not to pry the dastard’s fingers from the lady’s. A serious need to protect the woman had arrived, and he was not certain he was very happy about the feeling. “Mister . . .?” the man began.

“Franklyn,” Grand supplied. “I am certain you recognized me as easily as I recognized you.”

The man turned a well-placed smile on Miss Everley. “My, my, it appears I have innocently insulted Lord Harlow. I must recall my place and something of the truth of his lordship’s reputation.”

Miss Everley easily removed her hand from “Mr. William’s” grasp. “His lordship and I shall not keep you. I simply wished to know if you might check your customary sources regarding a missing sapphire necklace, one of great ‘sentimental’ value.”

GIVEAWAY – I have three eBook copies of Two Earls to Love available to those who comment below. The winner will be contacted by email and announced July 30, 2023. Good Luck!

Purchase Links:

Amazon https://www.amazon.com/Two-Earls-Love-Regency-Romances/dp/B0C87SH7LG/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=

Available to Read on Kindle Unlimited

Kindle https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C8F7SDT7/ref=tmm_kin_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=

BookBub https://www.bookbub.com/books/an-escape-to-love-by-regina-jeffers

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The Common Law of Dower or What Does the Wife Inherit During the Regency?

Tracing back to the Medieval Period, both “dower” and “curtesy” are legal terms and sometimes concerns in real property law. Legally, the estate of dower is held by a widow upon her husband’s death and consists of a life estate of one-third (sometimes up to one-half) of the land owned by her husband. Naturally, there is the “issue” of whether he held a freehold interest in the land, what is known in real estate contracts as a “fee simple” and the land is inheritable by the issue of the marriage. “Issue” is the fancy legal name for natural born children (no step-children) and other lineal descendants of the husband’s and wife’s marriage such as grandchildren (children of their legal descendants).

Meanwhile, curtesy is a husband’s right to the estate and property of his deceased wife, if a child was born when they were married.

Modern property law, at least in the U.S., has abolished dower and curtsey and replaced it with what is known as “elective share” or a percentage of the deceased spouse’s estate. The spouse may elect or chose between what was provided in the deceased spouse’s will or the share provided in the statute. The good thing about the elective share option, especially in these days, is it prevents a spouse from disinheriting the other. Yet, none of that has to do with dower in the Regency era.

Hopefully, I have not lost you yet. Allow me to simplify all the mumbo jumbo above: A dower ensured that a widow received support and a portion of her husband’s property when he passed on. Curtesy granted a husband interest in his wife’s property upon her death. It also prevented the husband from conveying his wife’s estate to anyone else but their child(ren).

I did a lot of research on this topic when I wrote His Christmas Violet. (Stopping a second or two for a shameless promo…)

His Christmas Violet: A Second Chance Regency Romance 

Sir Frederick Nolan stayed true to his late wife through all their years of marriage, but now he is widower and has waited the proper mourning period, he sees no reason he should not finally know the happiness of having Lady Violet Graham at his side. He meant to marry Violet when he was fresh from his university years and she was but a young lady; however, the realization she was perfect for him had come too late, and Violet had already accepted the proposal of Lord Graham. 

Lady Violet Graham never strayed from the love she held for Sir Frederick, but she had proven herself a good wife to her late husband, serving dutifully as Lord Giles Graham’s chatelaine and presenting him three sons. Now, her widow’s pension and the use of the dower house will provide her the only freedom she has ever known as a woman. She cannot think to become another man’s “property,” even when that man is the only one she has every loved. Enough is enough when it comes to having no voice in her  future. 

They have been in each others’ pockets, so to speak, since they were children, but how does Sir Frederick convince Lady Violet to marry him, when she is most determined never again to permit any man dominion over her person, even though they both know they would be great together?

Kindle https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BNWB8RD2/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2C46IF1VGUURJ&keywords=his+christmas+violet+by+regina+jeffers&qid=1670030118&sprefix=%2Caps%2C75&sr=8-1

Available to Read in Kindle Unlimited 

BookBub https://www.bookbub.com/books/his-christmas-violet-a-second-chance-regency-romance-by-regina-jeffers

Now, back to the issue of dower and curtsey…

Originally there were varieties of dower (not to be confused with dowry) such as dower ad ostium ecclesiae (“at the church door”) and dower ex assensu patris (by the heir with his father’s consent), in which before the couple was married, the wife was endowed of particular pieces of the property – specific lands. In Medieval times more so than modern ones, sometimes land held in knight service was exonerated from dower by the widow’s taking dower de la pluis beale (“of the most fair”) of her husband’s socage land.

By the 16th century, dower at common law or subject to local customs under which dower might extend to a quarter, a half, or even the whole of the land was the law by which most operated. Except where the wife had been endowed of specific lands, she was entitled to have her land assigned “by metes and bounds” by the heir within her quarantine—that is, the 40 days during which the Magna Carta (1215) permitted her to remain in her husband’s house after his death. This is very much what happens in His Christmas Violet, for my lovely Lady Violet Graham possesses two sons carved very much in their father’s hard-nosed image.

The right to dower could be barred by the wife before marriage accepting a jointure (a life estate in specified lands) in lieu of dower, or by the complicated uses to bar dower invented in the 18th century.

As was stated in common law by the early 1800s, a widow who had been married for at least 2 years was entitled to one-third of her husband’s property on his death. This was her dower. That is not dowry. Dowry is what she brought to the marriage, and dower was what she was supposed to receive when the husband died.

Let us simply some of this once more. Unfortunately, sometimes in times of wars and plagues and epidemics, there could be several widows in a family. It would be a most unfortunate man who found himself not only dead, but with little property left upon his death. If each wife was entitled to a third as a widow, what was there left to his sons? Sometimes the woman took this property to a second husband as her “dowry,” though it was supposed to return to the first husband’s family on her death.The fear of a widow taking the property to a second husband and the way dower cut up property made men look for alternatives. They decided on a jointure. This was an annuity based on the income of a specific piece of property or a sum of money. This was paid to her in lieu of any other inheritance. Quite often payment ceased on remarriage. A woman was often cheated because she was deprived of her right of dower even if the sum of money left to her was less tan £100 a year. Also, if all the land was entailed or settled on another, she had trouble receiving her dower.

For example, Lady Blessington’s husband first gave her a jointure of around 4 or 5000 £. He changed that later to 2000, while increasing the amount of money for the man he forced his daughter to marry. Lady Blessington’s jointures was to be from the income of one of his Irish estates. She received this money for several years until the potato famine hit. The income from that estate shrank until there was none. As Lady Blessington was not entitled to any money from any other source, she felt the pinch. She had to sell all her belongings and go live abroad, where she died shortly thereafter.

You may find more on Lady Blessington in this piece on Auctioning Off the Household Goods During the Regency Era.

By the Dower Act (1833), dower in England was restricted to realty still owned by the husband at his death and not devised by his will. It could also be barred by a declaration in his will or by deed. As a small measure of compensation to widows, the act extended dower to equitable interests. The Administration of Estates Act (1925) abolished dower in the United Kingdom, but it continued to be observed in a number of common-law jurisdictions, often in a modified form. The modern tendency, however, is either to abolish it or to replace it with other, less arbitrary means of providing for widows.

Posted in British history, estates, family, finance, Georgian England, Georgian Era, history, Inheritance, Living in the Regency, marriage customs, primogenture, real life tales, Regency era, research | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | 4 Comments

Cheddar Man and Mr. Targett: Stone Age Connections

Okay, today, I am not talking about cheese, though the “gentleman” in question is associated with Cheddar, England, which is famous for its cheese. Cheddar is also famous for Cheddar Gorge and a line of limestone caves found there. Rather, Cheddar Man is a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer man with dark skin and blue eyes. In 1903, his Stone Age skeleton was discovered in one of the caves. At the time, improvements to drainage in Gough’s Cave was going on. Although originally thought to be older by 4 times his actual “dating,” it has been suggested through radiocarbon dating that he lived around 10,000 years ago. According to the National History Museum site, he was about 166 centimeters tall

Cheddar Man – reassembled skeleton – two column thumb ~ https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/cheddar-man-mesolithic-britain-blue-eyed-boy.html ~ Reassembled skeleton of Cheddar Man. The skeleton is on loan to the Museum from the Longleat Estate.

The Natural History Museum also provides us these tidbits about the time Cheddar Man lived:

“His skeleton shows a narrow pelvis shape. It’s uncertain whether a hole in his forehead was from an infection or from damage at the time of excavation.

“Like all humans across Europe at the time, Cheddar Man was lactose intolerant and was unable to digest milk as an adult.

“At the time Cheddar Man was alive, Britain was attached to continental Europe and the landscape was becoming densely forested.

‘”Cheddar Man belonged to a group of people who were mainly hunter gatherers,’ … ‘They were hunting game as well as gathering seeds and nuts and living quite complex lives.’

“In addition to seeds and nuts, his diet would have consisted of red deer, aurochs (large wild cattle) along with some freshwater fish.”

Herds of aurochs were once abundant during warm periods. Extinct since the seventeenth century, their descendants are domestic cattle bred for meat and milk. © Roman Uchytel, prehistoric-fauna.com

The Archaeologist tells us, “Ancient DNA from Cheddar Man, a Mesolithic skeleton discovered in 1903 at Gough’s Cave in Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, has helped Museum scientists paint a portrait of one of the oldest modern humans in Britain. This discovery is consistent with a number of other Mesolithic human remains discovered throughout Europe. Cheddar Man is the oldest complete skeleton to be discovered in the UK, and has long been hailed as the first modern Briton who lived around 7,150 BC. He remains are kept by London’s Natural History Museum, in the Human Evolution gallery.

“Analysis of his nuclear DNA indicates that he was a typical member of the Western European hunter-gatherer population at the time, with lactose intolerance, probably with light-coloured eyes (most likely green but possibly blue or hazel), dark brown or black hair, and dark/dark-to-black skin, although an intermediate skin colour cannot be ruled out. There are a handful of genetic variants linked to reduced pigmentation, including some that are very widespread in European populations today. However, Cheddar Man had ‘ancestral’ versions of all these genes, strongly suggesting he would have had ‘dark to black’ skin tone.

Even more interesting is the fact a teacher of history living in England was discovered to be one of his descendants. In 1977, Britain’s HTV network set about producing a documentary on the cave. The filmmakers got it in their heads to obtain a DNA sample from Cheddar Man’s bones and compare it to like samples of the children attending school in Cheddar. Great idea! But . . .

To prove the process of obtaining DNA was safe, history teacher Adrian Targett also provided a DNA sample. I do not have to tell most of you what occurred. None of the children were connected by DNA to Cheddar Man, but Mr. Targett was.

https://www.thearchaeologist.org/blog/mesolithic-skeleton-known-as-cheddar-man-shares-the-same-dna-with-english-teacher-of-history

“‘I do feel a bit more multicultural now,’ he [Targett] laughs. ‘And I can definitely see that there is a family resemblance. That nose is similar to mine. And we have both got those blue eyes.’

“The initial scientific analysis in 1997, carried out for a TV series on archaeological findings in Somerset, revealed Mr Targett’s family line had persisted in the Cheddar Gorge area for around nine millennia, their genes being passed from mother to daughter through what is known as mitochondrial DNA which is inherited from the egg. To put it simply, Adrian Targett and Cheddar Man have a common maternal ancestor.

“It is only Cheddar Man’s skin colouring that marks the difference across this vast space of time. It was previously assumed that human skin tones lightened some 40,000 years ago as populations migrated north out of the harsh African sunlight where darker skin had a protective function.

“At less sunny latitudes, lighter skin would have conferred an evolutionary advantage because it absorbs more sunlight which is required to produce vitamin D, a nutrient vital for preventing disabling illnesses such as the bone disease rickets. Later, when farming crops began to replace hunter-gatherer lifestyles and communities ate less meat, offal and oily fish — a dietary source of vitamin D — paler skins would have conferred an even greater advantage and accelerated the spread of relevant genes.” [The Archaeologist]

How is that for a Family Tree? I am simply blown away to find ancestors back in the 1500s. What about you? Do you also have an interesting bit of ancestral history?

Posted in British history, England, exploration, family, Great Britain, history, real life tales, science, world history | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , | 2 Comments

Dressmaking During the Regency

Often in a Regency book, we find a situation where the woman requires a new day dress, gown, riding habit, etc. I was reading a book of late where the modiste finished several gowns in two days, but was that possible, especially as the gowns were all hand sewn?

nfball.jpgIn reality, the answer is not as clear cut as one might imagine. It depends on so many variables; therefore, no exact answer can be had. Is the modiste in London or a provincial town? How important is the client? For example, a duchess would command more service than somebody unknown. How many other clients is the modiste dealing with at the same time? When does the London Season begin? Everyone would be looking for new gowns with the onset of the Season, so modistes would be overrun with business. In A Touch of Scandal, I have Lady Eleanor Fowler and Miss Velvet Aldridge arrive in London several weeks in advance of the Season so they may have new gowns made. In other books where urgency is required, I have the heroine purchasing what she can, but that is usually from a female proprietress in a village shop. In my latest tale, Loving Lord Lindmore, the dowager countess sees to the fittings for Lady Cora Midland, a distant relative. 

Small adjustments after a final fitting likely took less than an hour, depending on the amount of work that needed to be done. All measurements would have been made before starting the gown, so there would be only tiny adjustments. A London modiste would have MANY seamstresses working for her. [A slightly out-of-period side note. Around the middle of the 19th century, the average Parisian modiste employed 20 seamstresses. By 1870, when his business was really taking off, Charles Worth employed 1200, turning out thousands of extremely elaborate dresses a year.] In an emergency, they could put together a simple gown for an important client in less than a day from scratch. And they would would late into the night, or through the night, if need be, to please a regular client or a client of whom they were very fond.

1816-princess-charlottes-3.jpg  The amount of work a dressmaker has and the number of seamstresses employed determine how long it took to make a garment. Of course, the trimming and such also matters.  A court dress could well take five days if the seamstresses worked on nothing else. If one needed a garment made expeditiously, one could pay extra, and it could usually be done.

A London dress maker could usually make one faster than a village  seamstress, though even a village seamstress could finish a simple dress in three days if she had no other work.

There were no printed patterns so the lady and the dressmaker would have to confer on the dress’s style and the choice of fabric. If the lady had never been to the store before, she would be measured  and a unfinished muslin or linen mock up dress would be made and fitted to her.  The most skilled part of the procedure was drawing off the pieces and then cutting them properly. The dressmaker had to be able to see the pattern behind the fashion illustrations.

c1f673a18a025b2d39290203a086cd9a--regency-dress-regency-era.jpg The muslin pieces would be used as pattern pieces when the material was cut. Then the fabric pieces would be pinned together. Many seamstresses then basted the seams. All this is the time consuming part. The customer was supposed to come for the final fitting wearing the stays she would wear with the dress. Dress makers did not usually make the stays. The dress would be tried on and any final adjustments made. Then seamstresses would sew all the seams and add any trimmings and tidy up the gown. The dress/gown was customarily pressed by the woman’s lady maid, not by the modiste’s workers.

Posted in British history, commerce, fashion, Georgian England, Living in the Regency, Regency era | Tagged , , , | 7 Comments

Celebrating the Release of “Regency Summer Scandals,” featuring my story “Loving Lord Lindmore” + a Giveaway

Regency Summer Scandals, the latest in our summer anthologies from Dreamstone Publishing released yesterday. Today, I would like to give you a taste of my story in the anthology, which is entitled “Loving Lord Lindmore.”

Meet my Main Characters:

Matthew Harrington, 12th Earl Lindmore – Matthew is a London rake, who is attempting to live up to, rather than to live down, his father’s reputation and to ignore his grandmother’s words of wisdom, for they do not suit his style.

Lady Cora Midland – Cora resides at Cameron Manor, a house owned outright by her deceased mother and will be Cora’s when she reaches her majority. She is the child of the Earl of Midland’s second marriage and known to be a bit of a hoyden, often dressing in young men’s clothing while riding about the estate. Cora’s mother Sophia is half sister to Matthew’s mother, Louisa. Cora is Matthew’s second cousin.

It can become a bit confusing how they are related, so here is a family tree for each. Matthew and Cora share a maternal grandfather.

Family Trees: (the Lindmores)

Lady Agnes Corder + Alexander Harrington, 11th Earl of Lindmore 

sired …

Fredrick Harrington (Lord Cornelius) – deceased; died in accident

_________________________________________________________________________________

Miss Margaret Spencer (deceased; 1st wife) + Edward Cooper, 7th Viscount Cooper 

      sired

Miss Louisa Cooper (Matthew’s mother) + Frederick Harrington (Lord Cornelius)

sired

Matthew Harrington (12th Earl of Lindmore)

************************************************************************

(the Midlands)

Victoria Littleton (deceased; first wife) + John Midland, 9th Earl Midland 

      sired

Charles Midland (10th Earl Midland; Cora’s half brother)

Miss Mildred Bowie (deceased; 2nd wife) + Edward Cooper, 7th Viscount Cooper 

                                 sired

Miss Sophia Cooper (Cora’s mother) + John Midland, 9th Earl Midland 

sired

Lady Cora Midland 

______________________________________________________________

Book Blurb >>>>>>>>

LADY CORA TAKES SOCIETY BY STORM . . .

Lady Cora Midland, a highly-spirited country beauty, offers no pretensions, which wins her many admirers, despite her lack of knowledge on how to manage the beau monde

LORD MATTHEW LINDMORE IS IN DENIAL . . . 

Lindmore reluctantly assists his grandmother in bringing Lady Cora out in Society. Yet, what appeared to be a daunting task becomes a transformation the earl does not expect. 

When Lady Cora is on the the verge of marrying another, Lindmore fears time will expire before he can speak his own proposal. 

Excerpt from Chapter Two (as the anthology is about summer scandals, my two characters must stir up a bit of buzz)>>>>

Chapter Two 

As Mrs. Evans dozed contentedly, Cora watched out the window of the coach. She noted how more than one farmer doffed his hat as the dowager countess’s coach tolled along the road to London. Certainly, her own family crest, that of the Midlands, would receive equal deference, but it was quite telling how both families had earned some of the respect of the farmers and the local gentry. Living alone at Cameron Manor, Cora rarely went beyond the nearby village. She knew one and all from the nearby parish—knew which family had a new baby and which had lost a loved one. The beginning and the end of life. She knew tears of happiness and those of deep sadness, and she often called upon those families and was received with what she considered to be a warm welcome. She realized she could be considered a bit eccentric, the pleasure, or the result, of living alone. Yet, despite her occasionally going against what was expected, Cora possessed a strong definition of her role in life. 

She knew her place, and, although she was not best happy to be leaving the security of her home, for she had heard multiple horror stories of those in London, she was thankful to make a connection to her mother’s extended family. 

Mrs. Evans shook herself as the coach rumbled through yet another village. “How quickly I fell asleep. I apologize, my dear.” Her companion straightened the lines of her gown. 

“No worries,” Cora assured. “I have simply been enjoying the scenery. It is amazing how the landscape changes the closer we come to St Albans.” 

“Then we are almost to Middlesex.” 

“Yes, we have made good time. Mr. Vickers has an excellent hand on the strings, and Lady Lindmore’s coach is well sprung. Mr. Vickers promised we would stop in St Albans to change horses. We may claim some tea and biscuits. Then it is only another five and twenty miles to her ladyship’s townhouse.” 

“It has been many years since we have seen the Capital,” Mrs. Evans remarked. “I wonder how much it has changed.” 

However, before Cora could respond, she spotted a familiar figure walking along the road. The man lifted his hat in recognition of the coach. They were well past where he stood at the edge of the road before she realized his presence. She regretted not signaling Mr. Vickers to stop. 

“I believe that was Mr. Schroder,” she told her companion. 

“The solicitor who used to practice over near Fowlmere?” Mrs. Evans asked. “I have not heard anyone speak of him for longer than I can recall. I wondered to where he had situated.” 

“Yes, and he was carrying a bouquet of flowers,” Cora explained. 

“Then what people said is true.” Mrs. Evans’s face lit with delight at the idea of being one of the first to know a bit of gossip. “He means to present his hand to the Widow Lawrence. I pray he is not make an error in judgement.”

“I know you have heard the rumors regarding Mrs. Lawrence, but there has been nothing in quite a few years. She supposedly married Mr. Lawrence when she was quite young, and people say he struck her often. No excuses, but we never know what we will do in extreme circumstances. Moreover, a marriage to the woman would be a good match for Mr. Schroder, who requires land and a wealthy wife to secure his own offices of law. Up until recently, he was with Mr. Elias Henry for some fifteen years. Apprenticed under Mr. Henry, whose children are grown and will inherit Mr. Henry’s business, leaving Mr. Schroder as a mere clerk for the remainder of his days. 

“I see no reason they should not combine forces and claim a bit of happiness and respectability together. Schroder would have the land and the funds to grow his own law firm. Being closer to St Albans will provide him a varied clientele. Mrs. Lawrence surely has learned from all the mistakes of her early days after her husband’s passing. It appears she was simply looking for kindness in all the wrong places. Though not the most, how do I say it, ‘educated’ of women, the lady would do well to have Mr. Schoder constantly underfoot—someone she could fuss over and who would fuss over her in return. I understand her a bit ‘childlike,’ always wishing to please,” Cora pronounced diplomatically. 

“A proper young lady,” Mrs. Evans scolded with a tut of her tongue to emphasize her opinion, “should know nothing of Mrs. Lawrence’s history.” 

“You may blame Jordan and some of his lads for that break in decorum. I overheard them discussing the woman many years back. When I asked my mother of her, her ladyship made her explanations,” Cora confided. “Lady Midland always said a lady of the aristocracy, especially one living without a male to protect her, required a full accounting of what she should expect from the world. Not all was pleasant. It seems the same should also apply to a woman of Mrs. Lawrence’s nature.” 

They sat in silence for several minutes, and Cora turned her mind to the scenery, but soon Mr. Vickers was pulling up on the reins to bring the carriage to a halt. 

“Another toll?” Mrs. Evans asked as she craned her neck for a look about them. 

From what Cora could see there were additional stopped coaches. Within less than a handful of minutes, the coachman appeared at the window. “Apologies, my lady. The coach ahead belongs to Lord Lindmore. Her ladyship would expect me to assist Mr. Flauton.” 

“Certainly. Do what is necessary? Is Lord Lindmore also assisting his man?” she asked in concern. “Would he care to join us in our coach?”

The coachman frowned and cleared his throat. “Lord Lindmore did not wait in the coach, my lady. I believe he is within the house.” Mr. Vickers face turned red in embarrassment. 

Cora lowered her voice. “Then who is in the second coach?”

Mr. Vickers’s lips twisted in disapproval. “From the crest on the side, it is Lord Truist.” 

“Truist?” she questioned. “Is he within also? I thought I noted the coach rocking with movement.” 

Again, Mr. Vickers appeared uncomfortable. “I cannot say with any assurance, my lady.” 

Cora took another quick look around. “‘Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. That one may smile and smile and be a villain.’ Assist me down, Mr. Vickers.” 

“It is likely best you remain within, my lady. Lady Lindmore would have my hide if her grandson’s and Lord Truist’s shenanigans brought scandal to your door,” the coachman pleaded. “I will assist Flauton, and we will be on the road again. No more than a quarter hour.” 

Cora ignored his protests. “I shan’t speak of this to the countess.” She released the door latch. “Whose house sets along the lane?”

From behind her, Mrs. Evans added, “It belongs to the Widow Lawrence.” 

“Oh, no. Oh, no,” Cora gasped. “Mr. Schroder is heading this way with a bouquet of flowers. He cannot find Lord Lindmore within and Truist standing guard. They are up to no good.” She swung the door wide. “Assist me down, Mr. Vickers. When Mr. Schroder appears, assure him that you and Mr. Flauton have just finished the repair. Then come ahead of him to fetch me and his lordship where we took refuge inside out of the warmth, while you completed the work.” 

“Lady Cora,” her companion complained. “You cannot think to enter that woman’s house.” 

“I plan to enter and so shall you. Now, fetch one of the jars of conserves we brought for her ladyship and climb down.” With a shooing motion, she sent Mr. Vickers to assist the earl’s coachman while Cora boldly strode across the road to pound on Lord Truist’s door. “My lord, I wish to speak to you. Now, sir!”

Truist dropped the window from the way to say sweetly, “My dear Lady Cora, I did not realize you were in the Lindmore coach.” 

“I have no time for your double speak, Lord Truist,” she ordered. “What have you offered Lord Lindmore to enter Mrs. Lawrence’s house?”

“I am injured by your accusation,” he began, holding a hand to his heart as if wounded. 

“Then be uninjured,” she argued. “Whatever it is you offered, I shall expect you to pay the debt or else I will see it quietly spread about London that you are not a man of your word. More of a man lacking in honor. Now, be from here immediately before I change my mind and call foul just to be contrary.” 

Truist grinned, “I liked you better before you became a fishwife, Lady Cora. I will call upon you at Lind Hall once you are settled in with the countess. Adieu, my dear child.” 

Cora did not appreciate being called a “child,” especially as she was set on correcting a very childish prank of two supposedly grown men. She turned to set a quick pace up the lane leading to the house. Catching Mrs. Evans’s elbow, she directed the woman along with her. She explained, “We have perhaps a quarter hour, at best, likely less before Mr. Schroder makes his call on the widow. We must set the scene inside so as not to send the man’s hopes plummeting.” 

“Cora,” Mrs. Evans protested, as she juggled the jar of conserves. “A lady cannot interrupt what surely transpires within.” 

Cora paused briefly before turning their steps towards the house again. “If I do not, the Lindmore name will be attached to a bit of a scandal. The countess shall not be permitted to bring me out in society. Equally as important, we shall face our own share of gossip as we are at the scene of this tumult. Now, assist me as I ask.” 

Mrs. Evans’s pace increased, and she had knocked on the door before Cora could set herself a plan. 

“Yes, ma’am. Miss.” 

“Lady Cora wishes to speak to her cousin. Immediately,” Mrs. Evans demanded in that special voice all former governesses have perfected. 

The man servant stepped back in response. “I fear Lord Lindmore is in consultation with Mrs. Lawrence,” he managed. 

Cora had no time for niceties. “Listen carefully. Mr. Schroder is walking this way. We saw him on the road. He should be here in approximately ten minutes, depending on his pace. You,” she grabbed the conserves from Mrs. Evans’s hands, “are to bring up four cups and plates. Splash a bit of tea in each. Open the conserves and spread a bit on whatever the kitchen has available to create a scene of four people enjoying tea and bread and butter or whatever while his lordship’s coach is repaired.” 

“There is no tea made, my lady,” he argued.

“We are not actually going to take tea,” she said in slow syllables so he might comprehend what she required of him. “Tell the cook to have tea ready for Mr. Schroder. Just splash a bit of dregs in each cup to ‘pretend’ we all had tea.” 

“Yes, my lady.” He started away, but Cora caught his arm. 

“First, tell me where I might discover your mistress and Lindmore.” Despite the chaos, Cora found herself beginning to smile. Going to London would answer one of her questions if she was brave enough to view the scene within. 

“The last door along the hall. Mrs. Lawrence’s sitting room.” 

“A sitting room?” Cora murmured. She was thrown for a passage of several heartbeats. She had always assumed the act of begetting a child took place in the bedroom, but she quickly supposed neither the Earl of Lindmore nor Mrs. Lawrence were considering a union of more than flesh. After all, Cora had observed the milk maid and one of the stable hands in various stages of undress and the throes of desire upon three separate occasions. Only once had the pair shared a bed, in the loft where the stable hand slept each evening. Shortly afterwards, the pair married, for the girl was with child.

“Lady Cora?” Mrs. Evans caught Cora’s hand. “You have no need to do this. We will return to the carriage and permit all involved their due.” 

Such was tempting, but she liked Mr. Schroder and wanted to view him knowing success. Therefore, Cora strode purposely down the hall and pounded on the door. “My lord! Mrs. Lawrence! I am coming in!”

For those of you trying to figure out cousins, I offer you The Cousin Explainer:

Regency Summer Scandals: A Regency Summer Romance Anthology

Five fabulous regency stories to keep you reading all summer long!

This anthology contains:

Loving Lord Lindmore by Regina Jeffers

LADY CORA TAKES SOCIETY BY STORM… Lady Cora Midland, a high-spirited country beauty, offers no pretensions, which win her many admirers, despite her lack of knowledge on how to manage the beau monde.

LORD MATTHEW LINDMORE IS IN DENIAL… Lindmore reluctantly assists his grandmother in bringing Lady Cora out in Society. Yet, what appeared to be a daunting task becomes a transformation which the Earl does not expect.

Will time run out before Lady Cora and Lord Lindmore discover the truth… that they have fallen in love?

A Heart for an Heir by Arietta Richmond

A Duke’s heir seeking purpose in his life, a Lady with unconventional ideas, a collaboration for good, a campaign of scandalous gossip, a love won at knife point.

Thorne Gardenbrook, Marquess of Wildenhall, heir to the Duke of Elbury, needs something to fill his days – something other than his mother’s insistence that he find a bride. Lady Faith St John is facing the fact that, after the scandals which rocked her family in the previous year, she may never have the chance to marry. Then a secret revealed by a housemaid leads Faith into subterfuge, behaviour improper for a Lady, and an accidental meeting with Lord Wildenhall, and she is not certain, at first, whether he will condemn her, or conspire with her. What happens then leads them both down unexpected paths, into scandal which will destroy Faith’s reputation, unless they the gossip before it’s too late.

And, in the end, when the only thing between Faith and ruin is the point of a very small knife, will Lord Wildenhall find her in time?

Sister to Scandal by Janis Susan May

Miss Phyllidia Kettering is facing the destruction of all of her dreams – all because of a scandal her sister has caused, by leaving her husband and running off with another man. And the worst part is, she isn’t entirely sure that she blames her sister for what she’s done. Then, to add to her miseries, the situation brings Mr Gareth Routledge back to her door – the man who broke her heart, and left her haunted by the mocking whispers of society. When greed, malice and blackmail are discovered, the scandal deepens, even as Phyllidia and Gareth discover that, just perhaps, they still care for each other.

Can they prevent the destruction of her family, and find their way back to love as they do?

Lady Matilda Heals a Hero by Olivia Marwood

Lady Matilda Calthorpe has always been a little impetuous, although she hides it well, when on view to the ton – she certainly doesn’t want to face the whispers and scandal that her friends and her sister have all faced in their path to finding love! But when unexpected circumstances place her in a scandalously compromising situation with the man whom she secretly desires, her impetuous nature takes over – with the worst (or perhaps the best?) possible outcome.

Now all she has to do is convince him to let her love him, before they are doomed to a life of misery.

Beyond Scandal by Victoria Hinshaw

Lady Elizabeth Lovell has been betrayed – by those closest to her. As if it isn’t enough that her father has done something deeply scandalous, now her brother has decided to pack her off to her great aunt. Every certainty has been removed from her life, and as fortune hunting suitors circle, she finds herself taking comfort in morning rides with her oldest friend, the son of her great aunt’s neighbours. But nothing is as it seems, or as she expected, and to live beyond the revelations of scandal, they will both have to accept significant change – can they do it, and find love in the process? Or is there nothing but misery beyond the touch of scandal?

Kindle https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C8JT6RJN/ref=sr_1_1?crid=QLJGT6ZKSO04&keywords=regency+summer+scandals&qid=1687271642&sprefix=regency+summer+scandals+%2Caps%2C90&sr=8-1

Available on Kindle Unlimited 

BookBub https://www.bookbub.com/books/regency-summer-scandals-a-regency-romance-summer-anthology-by-regina-jeffers-and-olivia-marwood

Amazon https://www.amazon.com/Regency-Summer-Scandals-Romance-Anthology/dp/1922735191/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1687271642&sr=8-1

Giveaway!!! I have 5 eBook copies of Regency Summer Scandals for those who comment below. Those chosen will be contacted by email. The giveaway ends on Friday, July 28, 2023.

Posted in anthology, aristocracy, book excerpts, book release, books, Dreamstone Publishing, eBooks, Georgian England, Georgian Era, giveaway, heroines, historical fiction, Living in the Regency, publishing, reading, reading habits, Regency era, Regency romance, romance, writing | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | 5 Comments

How William Wordsworth Viewed Mythology and Its Rise in Ancient Greece, a Teaching Moment

When I was still teaching, mythology was a part of the World Literature course taught at grade 10. Sometimes I had students who “complained” regarding the need for such studies. It was always my pleasure to point out how mythology was a part of their lives, whether they recognized it or not.

Mythology has influenced MUSIC. In fact the word “music” is in reference to the Muses and many myths speak of how instruments were made. [Try: The Divine Origin of Music and Flute in Greek Mythology for examples.] The story of Orpheus and Eurydice was the subject of the first opera ever written. Tales of Medea and Jason and Iphigenia are also popular. Richard Wagner enjoyed adding myths of his native land, particularly the story of Siegfried. If you wish examples of the myths in more modern music, look no further than “A Whiter Shade of Pale” from Procol Harem; “Althea” from Grateful Dead; “Europa” from Santana; “Halls of Valhalla” from Judas Priest; “Isis” from Bob Dylan; “Orpheus” from Sara Bareilles; “Stonehenge” from Spinal Tap; “The Chimera” from Smashing Pumpkins; “Venus” from Lady Gaga, etc. [Songfacts: Song That Refer to Mythology]

Artsy.net tells us there are six myths one must know in order to understand art. “Greek myths have captivated the imaginations of artists since ancient sculptors created gods and goddesses out of marble. The trials of ancient Greek heroes and monsters have served as inspiration for Renaissance masters, Surrealists, and conceptual artists alike.” They suggest people know: Pandora’s Box, Perseus and Andromeda, The Minotaur, Icarus, Leda and the Swan, and Achilles.

Naturally, the stories themselves are both beautiful and entertaining. Often, within them, we discuss a kernel of truth or an allegorical truth. Each contains a striking plot and remarkable characters.

Myths also serve as an important link to the past. They offer us knowledge of how certain civilizations regarded the world in which they lived. They explain innumerable phenomena. Moreover, they created the vocabulary we still use today to name the “remarkable” in nature.

As most of you suspect, I am bringing the post back to the early 19th Century. William Wordsworth, in his poem, The Excursion, endeavors to explain how myths arose in ancient Greece. Within the poem, a shepherd hears a distant strain of music and creates a story, of sorts regarding a beardless god playing a lute, a hunter turning the moon into a goddess, etc. He adds nymphs, the stars, a traveler, a fountain deity. He explains the origin of the oreads, the nymphs of the mountains; the zephyrs, rulers of the west wind; the satyrs, gods half goat and half man, with their ruler Pan himself. Etc.

Enjoy this excerpt:

Once more to distant ages of the world 

Let us revert, and place before our thoughts 

The face which rural solitude might wear

 To the unenlightened swains of pagan Greece

—In that fair clime, the lonely herdsman, stretched

On the soft grass through half a summer’s day,  

With music lulled his indolent repose: 

And, in some fit of weariness, if he, 

When his own breath was silent, chanced to hear

A distant strain, far sweeter than the sounds 

Which his poor skill could make, his fancy fetched 

Even from the blazing chariot of the sun, 

A beardless youth, who touched a golden lute, 

And filled the illuminated groves with ravishment, 

The nightly hunter, lifting a bright eye

Up towards the crescent moon, with grateful heart 

Called on the lovely wanderer who bestowed

The timely light, to share his joyous sport: 

And hence, a beaming goddess with her nymphs, 

Across the lawn and through the darksome grove, 

Not unaccompanied with tuneful notes

By echo multiplied from rock to cave, 

Swept in the storm of chase; as moon and stars

Glance rapidly along the clouded heaven, 

When winds are blowing strong.

The traveler slaked

His thirst from rill or gushing fount, and thanked 

The naiad. Sunbeams, upon distant hills 

Gliding apace, with shadows in their train, 

Might, with small help from fancy, he transformed 

Into fleet oreads sporting visibly. 

The zephyrs fanning, as they passed, their wings, 

Lacked not, for love, fair objects whom they wooed

With gentle whisper. 

Withered boughs grotesque 

Stripped of their leaves and twigs by hoary age, 

From depth of shaggy covert peeping forth 

In the low vale, or on steep mountain side; 

And, sometimes, intermixed with stirring horns

Of the live deer, or goat’s depending beard—

These were the lurking satyrs, a wild brood 

Of gamesome deities; or Pan himself, 

The simple Shepherds awe-inspiring god! 

Posted in Georgian England, Georgian Era, history, Living in the Regency, poetry, Regency era, research | Tagged , , , , , , , | 1 Comment

Negotiating Marriage Settlements During the Regency Era

We have all likely read the part in a Regency romance where marriage settlements were discussed, but how did those come about? 

“A marriage settlement in England was a historic arrangement whereby, most commonly and in its simplest form, a trust of land or other assets was established jointly by the parents of a bride and bridegroom. The trustees were established as legal owners of the assets, and the bride and bridegroom as beneficial owners of the assets during their lifetimes, and after their deaths, beneficial ownership would descend to one or more of the children of the union. It was a means of ensuring the proper use of a dowry provided by the bride’s father to be used for his daughter’s financial support throughout her married life and into her widowhood, and also a means by which the bride’s father was able to obtain from the bridegroom’s father a financial commitment to the intended marriage and to the children resulting therefrom. It also was an instrument by which the practice of primogeniture was affected by the use of an entail or fee male.”

800px-Sir_William_Blackstone_from_NPG In 1765, William Blackstone, an English jurist, judge and Tory politician of the 18th Century and most noted for writing the Commentaries on the Laws of England, provided this interpretation of English law regarding laws affecting women’s legal rights in marriage. 

By marriage, the husband and wife are one person in law: that is, the very being or legal existence of the woman is suspended during the marriage, or at least is incorporated and consolidated into that of the husband…and her condition during her marriage is called her coverture.
… For this reason, a man cannot grant anything to his wife, or enter into covenant with her: for the grant would be to suppose her separate existence; and to covenant with her, would be only to covenant with himself: … a husband may also bequeath any thing to his wife by will; for that cannot take effect till the coverture is determined by his death.
… the chief legal effects of marriage during the coverture; upon which we may observe, that even the disabilities which the wife lies under are for the most part intended for her protection and benefit: so great a favourite is the female sex of the laws of England.

We must remember that married women were not permitted to make contracts, purchase property, have custody of her children, sign legal documents, etc. Widows had more freedom. It took the Married Women’s Property Act of 1884 to provide married women some of the rights of those who chose to remain unmarried or were widowed. 

The fathers of both the groom and the bride, as well as the solicitors representing each family, customarily came together to decide on the terms of the marriage settlement. Believe it or not, betrothals occasionally were broken off and marriage plans abandoned when the fathers could not agree. The person who had control of the money and property on both sides took part in the discussion of settlements. The solicitor usually was there to put the agreement into proper contract form and to provide advice where necessary. It should be noted that the bridegroom, for example, in the case of Mr. Darcy in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, could negotiate with the father of the bride if the groom had his own property and money. Otherwise the groom and his father did the negotiating.

The heir also took part in the negotiations for a younger son. Even if the bridegroom had met his majority and was one and twenty years, his father, if alive, would take part in the discussion. Only if the man were in full possession of money and property and his father was either dead or not expected to give him more, would the bridegroom be the one doing the negotiating. In those days, an heir had expectations but rarely owned anything outright. The bride usually owned nothing in her own right so her father, guardian or trustee laid out what she would be bringing to the marriage as a dowry or, sometimes, for her sole use. Saying something was for her sole use was somewhat of a mischaracterization, for the husband quite often had the use of the income. He was not supposed to touch the capital or the property itself, but allowing her to have the income from property or money in the funds had to be specifically mentioned in the settlements.

The marriage settlements set the inheritance of certain properties for any children sired during the marriage, set out dowries for any daughters and allowances for younger sons. Provisions were made in case there were no children or only girls. The wife’s pin money and jointure were set, usually as a percentage of the dowry. Some even set out what alimony she would have if they separated. Some property was left to the woman’s sole use. If the groom had not yet succeeded his father or if the groom was a younger son, he was usually dependent on the  allowance his father presented him. Some heirs had property for their use, and his allowance was increased when he married. The larger the woman’s dowry the more she should have as a dress allowance and pin money and the greater her jointure should be.

regency_era

On her blog, Sharon Lathan explains the process perfectly. “For our purposes of the Regency Era, step one, especially if either [meaning bride or groom] were under twenty-one, was gaining parental permission. First this would be verbal from the father and/or mother. Next came the nitty-gritty of the “settlement” documents. These were actual legal papers, drawn up by lawyers with input from the groom and the bride-to-be’s legal guardian (the father, in most instances).

Covered in the settlement contract:

  • Dowry – Daughters of wealthy families had a specific dowry amount set aside for them. This may include a portion of the dowry her mother brought to the marriage. The dowry was an amount well known, such financial matters expected to play a role in why a woman was chosen as a wife.
  • Pin Money – An annual allowance allotted to the wife for her personal needs during her husband’s lifetime.
  • Children – Some settlements detailed specific provisions for future children, such as a base dowry amount for any daughters or a monetary inheritance for sons beside the heir.
  • Death – Details were specified for after the husband’s death, this called the “jointure.” This may include where the wife could live, if any properties were to be given to her or made available, the jewels she could keep, an annual allowance, provisions for minor children, and so on.

“It is important to note that everything a woman brought into the marriage became the possession of her husband. EVERYTHING. Women in the Regency had few individual rights. It was imperative for her family, or the woman herself if older, to negotiate for her financial future, binding it in the legal settlement. What happened to her and her children depended upon this.

victorian-courtship“You may be able to guess that with all these legalities, courtship was not wholly the fluffy period we think of. The couple did not enjoy all the perks of being married, and had not taken the vital step of being blessed by God, but legally they were bound. If an engaged person terminated the agreement before the marriage, he/she could face legal action in a “breach of promise” suit. These types of legal actions were not common with broken engagements, but it did happen often enough that taking the official step to accept a marriage proposal and enter the courtship phase was seriously considered.”

Often it took several months to draw up the settlements and, so, they were started early. There was generally no rush, for those in Society would never consider the simple calling of banns to marry. An ordinary license or a special license would be employed. 

As was mentioned earlier, every once in a while a wedding would be called off because the men working on the settlements could not come to an agreement. It would soon become known that the fathers could not come to an agreement about the settlements. Or it could be the husband would not agree to the extent of the money left for the sole use of the wife. If the couple really cared for each other, they could marry when both were of age. Having trustees or fathers disagree about settlements cast no aspersions on  either the young man or the young lady.  People were more apt to gossip when an engagement fell through and no one would say why.

Posted in British history, customs and tradiitons, Georgian, Georgian England, Georgian Era, Living in the Regency, marriage, marriage customs, primogenture | Tagged , , , , , , , | Comments Off on Negotiating Marriage Settlements During the Regency Era

Happy 13th Book Birthday to “The Phantom of Pemberley: A Pride and Prejudice Mystery”

On July 1, 2010, Ulysses Press released The Phantom of Pemberley: A Pride and Prejudice Mystery. It was the first of my cozy mysteries, and it remains a favorite. In 2019, I received the rights to all my Ulysses Press titles back from the company. I have periodically been rereleasing them with new covers and to new readers.

I would love to share something of the historical tidbit that is the key to solving the mystery, but, what fun would that be for all those who love a good mystery and think themselves capable of spotting the clues early on. Moreover, as I skipped kindergarten (and a few other grades), I never learned to share properly. LOL! The whole “solving the mystery thing” revolves around one key clue all the characters miss. Hopefully, you will you be wiser than they are.

One idea I will share with you is the legend of “Hat Man.” The legend of the Hat Man plays a large role in The Phantom of Pemberley. 

Shadow People are supernatural shadow-like humanoid figures that, according to believers, are seen flickering on walls and ceilings in the viewer’s peripheral vision. They are often reported moving with quick, jerky movements, and quickly disintegrate into walls or mirrors. They are believed to be evil and aggressive in nature, although a few people consider them to be a form of a guardian angel.

(Image used by The Shadow Man on Twitter https://twitter.com/theshad78631449)

Reportedly, Wes Craven based Freddy Krueger on an experience Craven had as a young boy. He once saw a scary looking man wearing a bowler hat. The man had scars all covering his face. People who reportedly come across a “hat man” usually claim to feel a frightening feeling, as if they are being threatened. While some ghosts do not seem aware of the presence of the living, it appears shadow people do. Witnesses claim, despite not seeing his face, they have a sense the hat man is staring right at them.

Furthermore, it would seem this entity’s sole purpose in visiting people is to make them as uncomfortable and frightened as possible. The apparition normally does not try to communicate, except for the fact he is emitting bad vibes. His mere presence alone is enough to make someone feel extremely uncomfortable and even threatened.

Today, I will simply tempt you with the opening of the story, and the last line: “Then I suppose we will go down in local lore: Bungay has its Black Shuck; Cornwall, the Well of St Keyne; Somerset, the Witch of Wookey; and Cheshire, the Red Rider of Bramhall Hall. We will be known for the house populated by shadow people—the home of the Phantom of Pemberley.” Enjoy!

Chapter 1 

“WE SHOULD TURN BACK,” Fitzwilliam Darcy cautioned as they pulled their horses even and walked them side-by-side along the hedgerow. They explored the most removed boundary of the Pemberley estate, near what the locals called the White Peak. 

“Must we?” Elizabeth Darcy gave her husband an expectant look. “I so enjoy being alone with you—away from the responsibilities of Pemberley.” 

Darcy studied her countenance. Hers was a face he had once described as being one of the handsomest of his acquaintance, but now he considered his previous compliment a slight to the woman. Her auburn hair, her fine sea-green eyes, her pale skin, kissed with a brush of the sun, her delicate features, and her heart-shaped face made her a classic beauty, and Darcy considered himself the luckiest of men. “For a woman who once shunned riding for the pleasure of a long walk, you certainly have taken to the saddle,” he taunted. 

“I have never said I preferred riding to walking. Most would think me an excellent walker,” she insisted. “It is just that when I sit atop Pandora’s back and gallop across an open field, I feel such power—as if Pandora and I were one and the same.” 

Darcy chuckled. “Do you call how you ride ‘galloping,’ my love?” 

“And what would you call it, Fitzwilliam?” 

Even after fourteen months of marriage, he could still stir her ire, though she now understood his love for twisting the King’s English and his dry sense of humor. It had not always been so. Elizabeth had told her friend Charlotte Lucas that she could easily forgive Fitzwilliam Darcy his pride if he had not mortified hers. And Elizabeth’s mother, Mrs. Bennet, had once described Darcy as “a most disagreeable, horrid man, not at all worth pleasing.” Yet, none of that mattered now that he and Elizabeth were a couple, for a better understanding existed between them.

Darcy’s eyebrow shot up in amusement: He recognized the tone his wife used as one of a “dare.” They had certainly challenged each other often enough during their up and down courtship. Actually, shortly after their official engagement, Elizabeth declared it within her province to find occasions for teasing and quarreling with him as often as may be. She had playfully asked him to account for his having ever fallen in love with her. The scene, so familiar now, played in his mind as if it were yesterday. 

“How could you begin?” said she. “I can comprehend your going on charmingly, when you had once made a beginning, but what could set you off in the first place?” 

It was a time for honesty between them, so he told her, “I cannot fix on the hour, or the spot, or the look, or the words, which laid the foundation. It is too long ago. I was in the middle before I knew I had begun.” He laced his fingers through hers. 

“My beauty you had early withstood.” She teased him by running her hand up his jacket’s sleeve, and Darcy could think of nothing but the natural ease of her touch. “And as for my manners,” Elizabeth continued, her eyes twinkling with mischief, “my behavior to you was at least bordering on the uncivil, and I never spoke to you without rather wishing to give you pain than not. Now, be sincere, did you admire me for my impertinence?” 

“For the liveliness of your mind, I did,” he said diplomatically. He did not—could not—admit to her his dreams of making love to her. A gentleman never spoke thusly to a lady, even a lady to whom he was betrothed.

“You may as well call it impertinence at once; it was very little less.” In retrospect, Darcy silently agreed. He had often found himself lost in his fantasies of her; so much so he did not always recognize Elizabeth’s disputation as impertinence, but more of flirtation. “The fact is, you were sick of civility, of deference, of officious attention. You were disgusted with the women who were always speaking and looking, and thinking for your approbation alone. I roused and interested you because I was so unlike them. You thoroughly despised the persons who so assiduously courted you.” 

Startled by this revelation, Darcy had to admit Elizabeth was correct. She caught his attention because she was his complete opposite, even while she perfectly complemented his nature. With her, he had become freer. And he had come to think less poorly of the world. 

Elizabeth cleared her throat, signaling to Darcy that she awaited his response. “I believe, my dearest, loveliest Elizabeth,” he said as he winked at her, “I must call it a breakneck ride from hell.” 

Elizabeth glared at him for but a split second, and then she burst into laughter. “You know me too well, my husband. Most assuredly, you must take the blame. It was you who taught me to ride to the hounds.” 

“Why is it, Mrs. Darcy, all your ill-habits are derived from my influence?” 

“It is the way of the world, Fitzwilliam. Because God created Eve from Adam’s rib and breathed life into her form, a woman is a vessel for her husband’s generosity, but also his depravity.” 

“Depravity?” He barked out a laugh. “I will show you depravity, Mrs. Darcy.” He reached for her arm, threatening to pull her from Pandora’s back to his lap. 

However, Elizabeth anticipated his move, and she kicked her horse’s flank, bolting away, across the open field toward the tree line. She urged her mount faster, as her laughter tinkled in the crisp morning air, drifting back to where Darcy turned his horse to give chase. 

He flicked Demon’s reins to send his stallion barreling after his wife. Although Pandora was as excellent a mare as he had ever seen, Elizabeth’s horse stood no chance of beating Demon in an out-and-out race. As he closed in on her, he admired how his wife handled her animal—how she gave Pandora her head, but still knew when to exercise control over the horse. Elizabeth was a natural, as athletic as the animal she rode. 

Darcy pressed Demon a bit harder, and the distance between them shortened. As he accepted his success as inevitable, horror struck. From nowhere and from everywhere all at once, sound exploded around him. Pandora bucked and then stood upright, pawing the air. Elizabeth’s scream filled him, as her horse whipped Elizabeth backward. His wife’s leg, the one wrapped around the pummel came loose, but not the one is the stirrup until she kicked free to slide off the animal’s rump, smacking her backside hard against the frozen ground. From the tree line, the screech of an eagle taking flight set Darcy’s hair on end as he raced to her side. 

Sliding from his horse’s back, he was on the ground and running to reach her. “Elizabeth,” he pleaded, “tell me you are well.” He brushed her hair from her face as he gently lifted her head in his hands. 

She groaned, moving gingerly at first. “I am most properly bruised.” She brushed the dirt from her sleeve. “And I fear my pride is permanently damaged.” 

Darcy kissed her forehead, relief filling his chest, as he assisted her to stand. “Are you certain you can make it on your own?” He steadied her first few steps. 

Elizabeth walked with care, but with determination Darcy could admire. “Did you see him?” she asked cautiously. 

“See who?” Darcy instinctively looked toward the tree line. “I saw no one, Elizabeth; I was concentrating on you.” 

“The man … I swear, Fitzwilliam, there was a man … there by the opening between the two trees.” She pointed to a row of pin oaks. “A man wearing a cloak and carrying a hat.” 

“Stay here,” Darcy ordered as he walked toward the copse, reaching for the pocket pistol he carried under his jacket. 

* * *

Elizabeth watched him move warily to inspect where she had indicated. “Be careful, Fitzwilliam,” she cautioned as he disappeared into the thicket. 

Nervously watching for his return, Elizabeth caught Pandora’s reins as her horse nibbled on tufts of wild grass. After securing her horse’s bridle, she led Pandora to where Demon waited. “Easy, boy,” she said softly as she took Demon’s reins, but she never removed her eyes from where Darcy had vanished into the shadows. 

After several long moments, he emerged from behind an evergreen tree, and Elizabeth let out an audible sigh of relief. As he approached, Darcy gestured toward where he had searched. “I apologize, Elizabeth. I found nothing—not a footprint or any other kind of track. Nothing unusual.” 

“Are you certain, Fitzwilliam?” Still somewhat disoriented, she anxiously looked about her. “It seemed so real.” 

“Allow me to escort you home.” He moved to assist her to her mount. 

“Might I ride with you, Fitzwilliam? At least, until we reach the main road again. I would feel safer in your arms. Moreover, I do not think my backside cares to meet Pandora’s saddle at this moment.” 

Darcy’s smile turned up the corners of his mouth. “You cannot resist me, can you, Mrs. Darcy?” 

“It is not within my power, my husband.” Despite her nervousness, she attempted to sound normal so as not to alarm Darcy.

He slid his arms around her and brushed his lips over hers. 

Elizabeth’s arms encircled his neck. She lifted her chin to welcome his kiss. “You are indeed irresistible, my love.” 

* * *

“I was simply uncomfortable,” Elizabeth told Mrs. Reynolds, Pemberley’s long-time housekeeper. They sat at the kitchen’s butcher-block table; they had spent the past hour going over the coming week’s menus and now shared a cup of tea. 

“Ye be seein’ one of the shadow people, mistress,” Mrs. Jennings, the estate cook, remarked, although she had not been part of the initial conversation. 

Elizabeth hid her smile behind her teacup; but her voice betrayed her skepticism. “Shadow people, Mrs. Jennings?” 

“Yes, mistress.” The woman wiped her floured hands on her apron. “People be seein’ shadow ghosts ’round these parts for years. It be a man. Am I correct, Mrs. Darcy?” 

“Yes, I believe whatever I observed was a man, although Mr. Darcy thinks it might have been some sort of animal—maybe even a bear.” 

Mrs. Reynolds attempted to downplay Mrs. Jennings’ fear of the unusual, a fear apparently shared by many Derbyshire residents. “I am certain it was a bear, Mrs. Darcy. Mr. Darcy would not minimize your concerns by placating to you.” 

“Most assuredly, you are correct, Mrs. Reynolds. Mr. Darcy would never ignore a possible danger to anyone at Pemberley.” 

Mrs. Reynolds said the words Elizabeth had heard repeated often. “Mr. Darcy is the best landlord and the best master that ever lived. There is not one of his tenants or servants but what will give him a good name. If I were to go through the world, I could not meet with a better.” 

The very man of whom they spoke strolled through the doorway. “There you are, Elizabeth.” 

Elizabeth offered up a bright smile: Her husband’s masculine appearance always made her heart catch in her throat. Broad shoulders—slim waist—muscular chest and back—well defined legs and buttocks—no extra padding found on the man. And Elizabeth relished the idea he had chosen her. “I apologize, Fitzwilliam; I was unaware you sought me out.” 

Darcy’s steel gray eyes caught hers. “I thought we might spend some time in the conservatory; the temperature turns bitter. We are in for a spell of bad weather.” 

“Really?” Elizabeth stood to join him. “My first winter in Derbyshire was quite mild. Should I expect lots of snow? We normally received some snow in Hertfordshire, but I was sadly disappointed with Derbyshire last season. I had hoped for sledding and skating.” 

“Well, Mrs. Darcy, I do believe you will receive your wish.” He placed her on his arm and led her away from the kitchen and toward the main part of the house. 

However, when he turned to the main staircase and their private quarters, Elizabeth leaned into his shoulder. “I thought we were to enjoy the conservatory, Mr. Darcy,” she reminded him. 

Darcy tilted his head in her direction to speak privately. “Do you object to a change in our destination, my love?” 

“Not even in the least, Fitzwilliam.” A blush betrayed her anticipation. 

“I enjoy the flush of color on your cheeks, my sweet one.” He brought her hand to his lips. After all these months together, she now understood the powerful yearning for her that her husband had controlled only with great determination when they were together at Netherfield. If she had known then what she knew now, Elizabeth might have been frightened of Mr. Darcy, instead of thinking he disliked her. Her husband was a very passionate and loving man, something she had never considered knowing in marriage, but knew, instinctively, she could never live without.

Elizabeth tightened her hold on his arm, but she could not express her thoughts aloud. Darcy had that effect on her. Even when she had thought she despised him, in reality, she sought his attention—his regard—his approval. They made the perfect pair. Darcy provided her the freedom to have her own thoughts and opinions, something she treasured; and Elizabeth showed him how insufficient were all his pretensions to please a woman worthy of being pleased. She truly esteemed her husband, looked up to him as a superior. Yet, theirs was a marriage of equals in all the essentials that made people truly happy. He was exactly the man who, in disposition and talents, most suited her. “I love you, Fitzwilliam,” she whispered. 

“And I love you, Elizabeth.” 

* * *

“Did you hear that?” Elizabeth sat up suddenly in the bed.

“Hear what?” Darcy groggily sat up and looked around for something out of place.

Elizabeth clutched the sheet to her. “I do not know. It was a click—as if a latch or a lock was being engaged.”

Darcy pulled on his breeches and began to check the room. 

They had locked the door when they entered their shared chambers, and it remained secure so he examined the windows and the folding screens, but found nothing. 

Elizabeth’s eyes followed his progress. 

Darcy released the door lock. Peering out, he nodded to someone in the passageway and then closed the door again. Sliding the bolt in place, he turned toward the bed. “Murray is changing the candles in the hall sconces. Perhaps that is what you heard.” 

“Perhaps,” she mumbled as she relaxed against the pillows. “It just sounded closer—as if it were in the room, not in the hallway.” 

Darcy returned to the bed and followed her down. “I believe your fright earlier today with Pandora has colored your thoughts.” He kissed Elizabeth behind her ear and down her neck to the spot where he could easily feel her pulse throbbing under her skin. “Allow me to provide you something else upon which to dwell.” 

Her moan signaled her agreement. Lost to his ministrations, neither of them heard the second click echo softly through the room.

* * *

Seventeen-year-old Lydia Bennet Wickham traveled by public conveyance to her sister Elizabeth’s Derbyshire home. It was her first journey to Pemberley, which even her husband reported to be one of the finest estates in all of England. She would rather this visit included her husband, Lieutenant George Wickham, but as Elizabeth’s husband, Mr. Darcy, refused to accept Wickham in his home, such was not possible. The men had held a long-standing disagreement, of which Lydia generally made no acknowledgment. In Lydia’s estimation, Mr. Darcy should do as the Good Book said and forgive. However, men were stubborn creatures who neither forgave nor forgot, and, much to her dismay, Mr. Darcy and her husband continued their feuding. 

Lydia found the whole situation disheartening. Even Elizabeth had taken offense at her congratulatory letter, although Lydia did not understand why. She had spoken the truth, and she had lowered herself to ask for Elizabeth’s assistance, something she had once sworn she would never do. All she had asked of her sister and new brother-in-marriage had been a place at court for Wickham and three to four hundred pounds a year so she and Wickham might make ends meet. She had even told her older sister not to mention it to Mr. Darcy if Elizabeth thought it might upset him. 

As far as Lydia had determined, Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy appeared to think her dearest Wickham held out some hope Darcy might be prevailed on to make Wickham’s fortune; and, in Lydia’s mind, she could not see a reason the Darcys should not assist them. It all made perfect sense. Darcy had the means to assist Wickham, without damaging his own wealth. Moreover, was that not what family did for each other? If it were she and Wickham who held the wealth, they would certainly be generous to others. She hoped on this visit to soften Mr. Darcy’s feelings about her husband. Lydia recognized her strength: She could charm any man. Naturally, she despised wasting her talents on such a prideful and conceited man as Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy, but she would prevail on him in order to aid her husband. Mayhap then, their marriage might be saved. Wickham would stop thinking her such a poor choice if, somehow, she could sway the great Fitzwilliam Darcy. 

As she bounced along the country road in a public coach, Lydia attempted to appear assured of her self-worth. She knew not many young women—married or not—traveled alone. However, Wickham had insisted. He had bought her the ticket to visit Elizabeth because he had been ordered to Bath for the upcoming month; therefore, this was Lydia’s perfect opportunity to plead their case. Her husband had seen her to Nottingham before they parted. Now, she traveled unaccompanied. 

“What is a fine young lady such as yourself doing traveling alone?” A man in his thirties, who smelled of stale cigars and boiled turnips, leered at Lydia. He glanced quickly at the matronly woman riding beside her. The woman’s eyes remained closed, and she breathed deeply. 

Lydia recognized the man’s intentions, and although she would never consider such an alliance, she welcomed the conversation. Sitting quietly for long periods was not part of her nature. Most acquaintances thought her chatty—boisterous even. Her husband often ordered her silence, claiming she chirped on like a magpie. “I am visiting my sister, who is near Lambton.” 

“I know Lambton well, miss. Your sister is well placed, I assume.” He noted Lydia’s stylish traveling frock, one of three new pieces she had insisted she required for this journey, despite her husband’s declaration they could not afford the additional expense. 

“Very well placed.” Lydia puffed up with his notice. “Do you know Pemberley?” 

The man’s initial tone changed immediately. “Pemberley? Everyone for miles around knows Pemberley,” he asserted. “Might your sister be associated with such a great estate?” 

His words brought satisfaction to Lydia; she thoroughly enjoyed the idea of people admiring her, even if by association. In that manner, she and Mr. Wickham were very much alike. Sometimes she dreamed of what it might be to have her own home—her own estate. And sometimes she regretted having not set her sights on Mr. Darcy herself, although Lydia supposed the man preferred Elizabeth because her older sister devoured books—just as did their father. Lydia preferred fashion to Faust and society to Shakespeare. In all considerations, Elizabeth definitely better suited the man. If Mr. Darcy treated everyone as he did her Wickham, she would disdain his company in a heartbeat. “My sister is Mrs. Darcy; she is the mistress of Pemberley.” 

“The mistress of Pemberley?” The man let out a low whistle. “I am duly impressed.” 

“Mrs. Darcy is one of my older sisters,” Lydia babbled, “but my eldest is Mrs. Bingley of Hertfordshire. Charles Bingley counts Mr. Darcy as his most loyal acquaintance. My husband, Lieutenant George Wickham, grew to adulthood on Pemberley. We three sisters remain connected, even though we find ourselves scattered about England. My dear Wickham serves his country: We reside in Newcastle.” 

She noted how the man attempted to disguise his amusement at the situation’s irony, but there was a glint of laughter in his eye. “I know of George Wickham,” he mused. “Even in Cheshire, your husband has female admirers.” He chuckled. “It will break many hearts when I spread the story of your marriage, Mrs. Wickham. Are you newly wed?” 

“Lord, no. In fact, I was the first of my sisters to marry, although I am the youngest of five. Mr. Wickham and I have been married nearly two years.” 

“Two years?” The man appeared amused again. He said, “I suppose it is too late then to offer my best wishes?” His eyebrows waggled teasingly. Lydia was confused as to his reaction.

She swatted at his chest with her fan. “I am an old married woman, sir.” 

As she hoped, the man provided her a compliment. “You may be married, ma’am, but you most certainly are not old nor are you the picture of matronliness.” He nodded in the direction of the sleeping woman and then winked at Lydia. 

She loved flirting, even with someone who would not interest her otherwise. Wickham despised how easily men hung on her every word. She giggled, suddenly aware of the privacy of their conversation. She turned her attention to the coach’s window. “I certainly do not enjoy traveling in winter. The roads in the North were abhorrent—so many ruts and holes. Passengers could barely keep their seats. Thankfully, my husband kept me safe, but a lady who traveled with us to Lincolnshire tumbled most unceremoniously to the floor.” 

The man’s eyes followed hers. “The farmers at home would probably say we are in for some bad weather. See how the line of dark clouds hug the horizon.” He pointed off to a distance. “I simply hope we make it to Cheshire before the storm hits. I prefer not being upon the road when winter blasts us with her best.” He leaned back and closed his eyes. “We will stay in Matlock this evening. You should be in Lambton by mid-afternoon tomorrow.” 

“I will be pleased to be away from this coach,” Lydia murmured as she settled into the well-worn cushions. 

As the man drifted off to sleep, he managed to say, “You will experience the best money can purchase at Pemberley. You shall enjoy your stay, I am certain.” As she sat alone in the silence of the coach, Lydia consoled herself with the man’s words. If Mr. Darcy was as wealthy as all said, surely he could spare a bit for her and Wickham. Then, her husband would view her with respect instead of disdain.

* * *

“Fitzwilliam,” Elizabeth said. She had found her husband in his study. “Georgiana and I plan to call on some of the cottagers today.” She stood before his desk, looking down at the stack of ledgers piled five high. “I thought you might care to join us, but I see you are excessively busy.” 

“I am afraid this business cannot be postponed.” He gestured to the many letters lying open before him. 

Elizabeth moved to stand behind him. She snaked her arms over the chair back and around Darcy’s neck. She kissed his ear and then his cheek. “You will miss me, Mr. Darcy?” she inquired, her breath warm against his neck as she continued to kiss along his chin line. As she hoped he would act, Darcy reached up to catch her arm. In one smooth motion, he shoved his chair back, making room for her on his lap, and pulled Elizabeth to him. She rested on his legs before sliding her arms around his neck. “I love you, my husband.” She laid her head against his shoulder. 

Darcy used his finger to tilt her chin upward so he might kiss her lips. “So nice,” he murmured. He deepened the kiss, and Elizabeth gloried in their closeness. “I could drown in your love,” he whispered near her ear.

“You are so not what the world expects.” Elizabeth ran her fingers through his hair.

Darcy chuckled, “I am exactly what the world expects: I serve this estate well and my sister well. Such is my role in life.” 

Elizabeth envied his confidence and the deep respect he inspired in the community. 

“And me well.” Elizabeth moaned as his lips found the point where her neck met her shoulder. 

Darcy pulled her closer. “That is what is unexpected—how much I love you—how I can give myself over to you so completely.” 

“You possess no regrets about aligning yourself with a woman without family, connections, or fortunes?” It was a question she asked often, although his answer remained the same each time. 

“It amazes me you can continue to doubt my loyalty—my love. Elizabeth, you possess me body and soul. Do you not know how thoroughly I require you in my life?” 

“I know,” she admitted, feeling foolish for asking the question again. “It is just that I desire to hear your professions with regularity. I realize it is foolish of me, but it is my weakness, I fear.” 

“Then I will resolve to speak the words more often, my love.” He kissed her tenderly. 

Elizabeth scrambled from his lap when she heard the servants outside the door. “I must leave.” She straightened the seams of her day dress. “I am certain Georgiana waits for me by now. We will return in a few hours.” 

“Do not go far, my love. The winter weather looms; we are in for a bad spell.” 

“Listen to you, Mr. Darcy,” Elizabeth teased as she headed toward the door. “You sound like one of the old hags who claim they can tell the weather from their rheumatism.” 

Darcy cleared his throat, stopping her exit. “Elizabeth, I have lived my whole life in Derbyshire. I understand the harshness of the winters. Trust me, my dear.” 

She stopped in her tracks. “If you are serious, Fitzwilliam, I will follow your lead,” she assured him, before turning pensive. “Do you suppose Lydia will arrive before this weather changes?” She now expressed the same concern as he. 

Darcy stood and came to where she waited. “A rider brought me some papers from Liverpool today, and he said the weather turned bad quickly. If he is correct, the storm is at least a day out, but it is likely to be here by early in the day tomorrow. Mrs. Wickham’s coach will be driving into the storm. Your sister may have some uncomfortable hours, but I am relatively certain she will arrive safely.” 

“You will go with me to Lambton—I mean to escort Lydia to Pemberley?” Elizabeth inquired. 

“I will not leave you to your own devices.” Darcy kissed her fingers. “Have a good visit with the tenants.” 

“Mrs. Hudson requires someone to repair her window,” Elizabeth reminded him as she prepared to leave. 

Darcy followed her to the door. “I will see to it immediately.” 

* * *

Elizabeth and Georgiana took Darcy’s small coach for their visits. Often, they made their rounds on horseback or in an open curricle, but Georgiana still suffered from a head cold, and Elizabeth would take no chances with Miss Darcy’s health in the bitter weather. “We have only two more baskets,” Elizabeth said. She accepted Murray’s hand as she climbed into the coach. He closed the steps, setting them inside. “Thank you, Murray. Tell Mr. Stalling we will see the Baines and the Taylors.” 

“Yes, Mrs. Darcy.” 

Mr. Stalling turned the carriage toward the hedgerow leading to the main drive. “We will keep our visits short,” Elizabeth told Darcy’s sister. “I can tell you are not at your best today.” 

“My head feels so full. Perhaps I should remain in the carriage. Both the Baines and the Taylors have a houseful of children. It would not be the Christian thing to share my illness.” Georgiana sniffed and reached for her handkerchief. 

“I think only of you, Georgiana,” Elizabeth assured. She glanced out the coach’s window, noting the sun was well-hidden behind the clouds. “Such might be best. I shall make the call; you shall stay in the carriage and keep your feet on the warming brick. Then I will see you home. I am certain Mrs. Reynolds has a special poultice to make you feel better.” 

“Thank you, Elizabeth.” Georgiana sniffed again. 

Elizabeth adjusted the blanket across Georgiana’s lap. “Fitzwilliam will be distressed to know you feel poorly.” 

“He does worry about me.” Georgiana Darcy leaned back into the thick squabs of the carriage, adjusting the blanket tighter about her. 

Elizabeth recalled the first time she had seen the girl, who had been little more than sixteen at the time. Darcy had brought his sister to the inn in Lambton to take Elizabeth’s acquaintance after discovering Elizabeth and her aunt and uncle visiting Pemberley on holiday. It had been the beginning of their life together. 

Although Elizabeth was four years Georgiana’s senior, Darcy’s sister was taller and on a larger scale. She was less handsome than her brother, but there was sense and good humor in her face, and her manners were perfectly unassuming and gentle. Everyone who knew Georgiana Darcy esteemed her for her compassion and her goodness. Elizabeth treasured having Georgiana in the household. Having left a houseful of sisters in Hertfordshire, she appreciated having female companionship. 

“Your brother has spent his adult life caring for you.” 

Georgiana closed her eyes, a noticeable shiver shook her body, and Elizabeth knew real concern. “I will be happy to claim my bed.” 

Elizabeth gently touched the girl’s forehead with the back of her hand. “You are not warm—no fever.” 

“I simply ache all over, and my head is so tight with pressure,” Georgiana rasped. 

Before Elizabeth could express further concern, the carriage came to a bone-jolting halt. “I will be only a few minutes.” Elizabeth opened the door. Murray assisted her to the ground before handing Elizabeth one of the two remaining baskets he carried. 

“Murray, I want to see Miss Darcy to the house as quickly as possible. Would you mind delivering the basket you carry to the Taylors? Provide them our regards and explain the situation. I will call on Mrs. Baine.” 

“Certainly, Mrs. Darcy.” The footman headed toward the Taylors’ cottage, less than a quarter mile down the main drive. 

Elizabeth glanced quickly at Georgiana to assure herself the girl would be well while alone in the coach. Then she strode toward the small, white-washed cottage. Before she reached the door, it swung open, and a burly-looking man greeted her. 

“Mrs. Darcy, let me be helpin’ ye with that.” 

“Thank you, Mr. Baine.” Elizabeth entered the house and glanced around quickly to inspect how well the Baines maintained their home. Darcy did well by his tenants, but he expected the cottagers to keep the property in good repair and not to destroy what he provided them. 

“Ye be alone, Mistress?” Mrs. Baine looked to the threshold. 

Elizabeth gestured toward the coach. “Miss Darcy feels poorly. We both thought it best not to bring an illness into your house. In fact, I only have a few minutes. I wish to see Mr. Darcy’s sister in the comfort of her own bed.” 

“Certainly, Mrs. Darcy.” Mr. Baine set the basket on the table. 

“There is flour, sugar, some potatoes, ham, and turnips in the basket.” 

“We be thankin’ ye, ma’am,” Mrs. Baine said and lifted the cloth to peer at the things the Great House had sent to them. 

“Naturally, there are sweets for the children.” Elizabeth touched a tow-headed boy of four. “You may dole them out when you deem appropriate.” 

Mr. Baine picked up a blonde girl of two. “The little ones be our greatest gift.” 

The Baines had six children, and Elizabeth chuckled at the irony of the statement. “Then you are indeed blessed, Mr. Baine. Mr. Darcy says the weather will turn dangerous, so be certain everyone is inside. Perhaps you should bring in some extra wood for the fire.” 

“We be thinkin’ the same, Mistress.” Baine stroked the child’s head as it rested on his shoulder. “We be well, ma’am.”

“You must surely know if you require anything, just send someone to Pemberley. Mr. Darcy will assist you if he is able.”

“We be knowin’ it, ma’am.” Mrs. Baine joined them as they stood by the door.

Elizabeth glanced toward the carriage. She worried for Georgiana. “I really must see Miss Darcy home. Please pardon me; we will visit longer the next time.” 

“You see to the master’s sister,” Mrs. Baine said as she reached for the door handle. “We be puttin’ Miss Darcy in our prayers.” 

“My sister will appreciate your thoughtfulness.” 

* * *

Georgiana Darcy pulled the blanket closer. She hoped Elizabeth would not be long. She really just wanted to be in her own bed where she might sleep for a few hours—mayhap even have Mrs. Jennings heat up some chicken broth. 

Reluctantly, she sat forward to determine whether Elizabeth had exited the cottage, but saw no one. Georgiana scooted the warming brick closer; it had quickly lost its heat in the chilly air. She reached out and slid the curtain aside to look for Elizabeth again. Then she saw him, and a different kind of shiver ran down her spine. He just stood there in the tree line. A blond-haired man, wrapped in a black cloak and wearing a floppy-brimmed hat, leaned against a tree. Georgiana felt her heart skip a beat, and her breathing became labored. 

The sound of Elizabeth’s approach drew the girl’s attention for a fraction of a second, and when her eyes returned to the trees, the man was no longer there. 

“Did you see him?” she pleaded as Mr. Stalling assisted Elizabeth into the coach. 

“See who?” Elizabeth turned expectantly. “Was someone there?” She searched where Georgiana stared, but all they saw was a bareheaded Murray walking toward them, slapping his coat to keep himself warm. 

Elizabeth sat beside Georgiana and slid her arm around the girl’s shoulder. “Might we escort Miss Darcy home, Mr. Stalling?” 

“Yes, Mrs. Darcy.” 

The driver stored the coach’s step inside before motioning Murray to climb aboard the back of the coach. 

As the carriage circled to return to the house, both women stared out the opposite window, looking for something neither of them hoped to see again.

“He is not there,” Georgiana whispered. 

“No one is there, Georgiana.” Elizabeth allowed the curtain to fall in place. “Would you tell me what you saw?” 

“A man—all in black—wearing an unusual hat—like those in the books from America.” Georgiana’s eyes widened. “Do you believe me?” 

Elizabeth tightened her hold on the girl. “Your brother thought what I saw yesterday was a bear, but what you just described is exactly what I saw in my mind’s eye. Except I could not make out the man’s face.” 

“Neither could I,” Georgiana whispered, although they were alone in the moving carriage. “What does it mean, Elizabeth?” The girl grabbed Elizabeth’s hand, holding on for dear life.

Elizabeth did not answer; she simply pulled the blanket over both of them. “We will tell Fitzwilliam. He will know what to do.” 

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Celebrating the Release of “Regency Summer Scandals” Anthology + a Giveaway

In my latest tale, Loving Lord Lindmore, my heroine has some hoydenish tendencies, for the stories in the A Regency Summer Scandal Anthology, are all about scandals and who commits them. Lady Cora has been taught to use a knife by her late father. She possesses more than a bit of expertise in using a knife to fillet a fish, or to whittle and carve, or even to protect herself. Yet, what do we know of how a knife was used in the Regency? What kind might we discover in use in the early 1800s?

What we now call a pocket knife developed from the Middle Ages’s “scribe’s knife or scribal knife.” The website Scribal Work Shop has one such knife for sale for $98.00. The description reads: “Handmade from 1084, steel with a padauk wood handle and bronze pins. This knife is modeled after 13th-15th century illuminated manuscript illustrations of scribe’s knives. This knife works equally well for cutting quills as it does for leather, woodworking, carving, and other utility tasks. We tend to think of it as a tougher medieval X-acto knife.”

https://www.scribalworkshop.com/shop/scribes-knife-medieval-utility-knife-n2nmx

Although the scribal knife was quite practical and had many uses, one could not fold it or safely carry it in a pocket. When I was still teaching school, I carried a pocket knife in my purse. Thankfully, the school’s resource officer never asked to search my purse, for he would have found two beauties. One day, a student in my class had his glasses came apart. We finally found the pin, but could not get it back in the little hole. Thankfully, one knife I carried had a magnetic end. We used that end to put the screw back and the other knife to set it in place. After that day, any time a student – mine or another teacher’s had glasses fall apart, the student would make his/her way to my classroom. I asked once if anyone had told the SRO about the knife. The students said they all understood they should not mention it. They were all just glad I could bring life back to their eyewear.

For centuries, people of lesser means used knives like the one shown above for everything from cutting rope to a piece of tough meat. Meanwhile, the wealthy had knives made for a variety of uses.

By the Regency era, many owned pen knives which actually folded into the shaft. They could be carried in a gentleman’s pocket or a lady’s reticle, as does Lady Cora Midland.

The Regency Redingote tells us, “From the Middle Ages to the beginning of the eighteenth century, most pen knives had blades which were fixed in the handle, or haft, of the knife. The blades were slightly curved and short, usually two inches or less. All pen knife blades were made of steel, in order to hold the sharp edge necessary to cut quills The haft was typically between three to four inches in length. The very wealthy had the hafts of their pen knives made of precious woods, horn, agate, tortoise shell, ivory, or mother-of-pearl, often encrusted with silver, gold and even semi-precious stones. The average person would have had a knife with a haft of more common hard woods, unadorned, sanded smooth and polished.

“In the eighteenth century, cutlers first made pen or quill knives with blades which could slide into the haft when not in use. By the middle of the century, they had also developed a folding version of the pen knife. These folding versions typically had blades of between 1 to 1½ inches in length. The blades of these folding knives were slightly shorter than the blades of the fixed or sliding-blade knives. The handles of these folding knives were made longer, however, which made the knife easier to hold. By the last decades of the eighteenth century, folding pen knives were made in increasingly larger numbers, and could be sold at prices many more people could afford. By the early nineteenth century, as both commerce and literacy steadily grew, the handles of these folding knives were often decorated in different ways to appeal to a wide range of literate customers.

“Though folding knives became popular, pen knives with fixed blades were still made and used during the Regency. These fixed blade knives were sometimes made as part of a writing set, and were most commonly kept in a writing desk. As they had for most of the eighteenth century, by the Regency, extremely ornate pen knives, of the folding, sliding and fixed blade varieties, could be purchased from a cutler, or even a jeweler, but the more ordinary models were typically purchased from the better stationery shops. The majority of stationers in London could be found along Fleet Street, or around Cornhill and Charing Cross. This is not surprising, since these locations were also the haunts of many who wrote for a living, including journalists, clerks, bankers and lawyers.

“This same pen knife was also just the thing for sharpening the new wood-case pencils which were being mass produced during the Regency. This was an advantage for both the pencil manufacturers and the pencil users. Pencil users most likely already had a pen knife, so they would not need to acquire yet another desk implement to sharpen their new, inexpensive pencils. The pencil manufacturers could advertise that no special tools were needed to maintain their pencils, thus ensuring their true low cost. The various types of pencil sharpeners with which we are familiar today were decades into the future even at the end of the Regency.”

LADY CORA TAKES SOCIETY BY STORM . . .

Lady Cora Midland, a highly-spirited country beauty, offers no pretensions, which win her many admirers, despite her lack of knowledge on how to manage the beau monde. 

LORD MATTHEW LINDMORE IS IN DENIAL . . . 

Lindmore reluctantly assists his grandmother in bringing Lady Cora out in Society. Yet, what appeared to be a daunting task becomes a transformation the earl does not expect. 

When Lady Cora is on the the verge of marrying another, Lindmore fears time will expire before he can speak his own proposal. 

Five fabulous regency stories to keep you reading all summer long!

This anthology contains:

Loving Lord Lindmore by Regina Jeffers

LADY CORA TAKES SOCIETY BY STORM… Lady Cora Midland, a high-spirited country beauty, offers no pretensions, which win her many admirers, despite her lack of knowledge on how to manage the beau monde.

LORD MATTHEW LINDMORE IS IN DENIAL… Lindmore reluctantly assists his grandmother in bringing Lady Cora out in Society. Yet, what appeared to be a daunting task becomes a transformation which the Earl does not expect.

Will time run out before Lady Cora and Lord Lindmore discover the truth… that they have fallen in love?

A Heart for an Heir by Arietta Richmond

A Duke’s heir seeking purpose in his life, a Lady with unconventional ideas, a collaboration for good, a campaign of scandalous gossip, a love won at knife point.

Thorne Gardenbrook, Marquess of Wildenhall, heir to the Duke of Elbury, needs something to fill his days – something other than his mother’s insistence that he find a bride. Lady Faith St John is facing the fact that, after the scandals which rocked her family in the previous year, she may never have the chance to marry. Then a secret revealed by a housemaid leads Faith into subterfuge, behaviour improper for a Lady, and an accidental meeting with Lord Wildenhall, and she is not certain, at first, whether he will condemn her, or conspire with her. What happens then leads them both down unexpected paths, into scandal which will destroy Faith’s reputation, unless they the gossip before it’s too late.

And, in the end, when the only thing between Faith and ruin is the point of a very small knife, will Lord Wildenhall find her in time?

Sister to Scandal by Janis Susan May

Miss Phyllidia Kettering is facing the destruction of all of her dreams – all because of a scandal her sister has caused, by leaving her husband and running off with another man. And the worst part is, she isn’t entirely sure that she blames her sister for what she’s done. Then, to add to her miseries, the situation brings Mr Gareth Routledge back to her door – the man who broke her heart, and left her haunted by the mocking whispers of society. When greed, malice and blackmail are discovered, the scandal deepens, even as Phyllidia and Gareth discover that, just perhaps, they still care for each other.

Can they prevent the destruction of her family, and find their way back to love as they do?

Lady Matilda Heals a Hero by Olivia Marwood

Lady Matilda Calthorpe has always been a little impetuous, although she hides it well, when on view to the ton – she certainly doesn’t want to face the whispers and scandal that her friends and her sister have all faced in their path to finding love! But when unexpected circumstances place her in a scandalously compromising situation with the man whom she secretly desires, her impetuous nature takes over – with the worst (or perhaps the best?) possible outcome.

Now all she has to do is convince him to let her love him, before they are doomed to a life of misery.

Beyond Scandal by Victoria Hinshaw

Lady Elizabeth Lovell has been betrayed – by those closest to her. As if it isn’t enough that her father has done something deeply scandalous, now her brother has decided to pack her off to her great aunt. Every certainty has been removed from her life, and as fortune hunting suitors circle, she finds herself taking comfort in morning rides with her oldest friend, the son of her great aunt’s neighbours. But nothing is as it seems, or as she expected, and to live beyond the revelations of scandal, they will both have to accept significant change – can they do it, and find love in the process? Or is there nothing but misery beyond the touch of scandal?

Kindle https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0C8JT6RJN/ref=sr_1_1?crid=QLJGT6ZKSO04&keywords=regency+summer+scandals&qid=1687271642&sprefix=regency+summer+scandals+%2Caps%2C90&sr=8-1

Available on Kindle Unlimited 

BookBub https://www.bookbub.com/books/regency-summer-scandals-a-regency-romance-summer-anthology-by-regina-jeffers-and-olivia-marwood

Amazon https://www.amazon.com/Regency-Summer-Scandals-Romance-Anthology/dp/1922735191/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1687271642&sr=8-1

GIVEAWAY: I have two eBooks copies of Regency Summer Scandals available to those who comment below.

Posted in anthology, book release, British history, Dreamstone Publishing, Georgian England, Georgian Era, giveaway, historical fiction, history, Living in the Regency, medieval, publishing, Regency era, Regency romance, research, writing | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | 6 Comments