George Ross was a 46 years old when he signed the Declaration of Independence. He was a lawyer and the father of three. He died three years later in 1779.
“George Ross’s father was born at Balblair, Scotland, in 1679 or 1680. Rev. George Aeneas, the 5th Laird Balblair Ross (b.1679, d.1754), had 2 wives and 16 children, and was an Anglican clergyman who had immigrated from Scotland. The paternal line goes back to Farquhar O’Beolan (b.1173, d.1251), who became royalty when King Alexander II founded an Earldom, and made Farquhar the 1st Earl of Ross in 1226, at age 53, after great wins in battle.”(George Ross) The elder Ross graduated from the University of Edinburgh in 1700, and from the Divinity School in 1703. After graduating he decided to leave the Presbyterian Church and connect himself with the Church of England, to which he was ordained in London shortly afterwards. He was then appointed Chaplain in the British Navy, but soon resigned and was sent by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, in 1705, as missionary to New Castle, Delaware, where he assumed charge of the work there out of which grew the Immanuel Church in June of that year.
George was born in May 1730. From his father, young George received a sound classical education. “George’s sister Gertrude married Thomas Till, the son of William Till, a prominent judge and politician; after his death, she married George Read, another signer of the Declaration. Betsy Ross (born Elizabeth Phoebe Griscom in 1752) only had her famous last name “Ross” for 4-years, which she obtained by marrying John Ross (b.1752, d.1776) in 1773. John was a nephew of George Ross. John was the son of Rev. Aeneas Ross (b.1716, d.1782) and Sarah Leach. George and Aeneas were brothers. John and Betsy had a sewing business, but John died 1/10/1776 in Philadelphia by explosion while guarding a munitions building during the Revolutionary War. Betsy would often tell her children, grandchildren, relatives, and friends of the fateful day when three members of a secret committee from the Continental Congress came to call upon her. Those representatives, George Washington, Robert Morris, and George Ross, asked her to sew the first flag. This meeting occurred in her home some time late in May 1776. The Stars and Stripes design Ross may have designed was officially adopted by the congress on June 14, 1777. The next day, June 15, 1777, Betsy married Joseph Ashburn, thus becoming Betsy Ashburn.” (George Ross)
With the assistance of his older brother John, Ross read law as part of his education. At the age of 20 he was admitted to the Bar and eventually opened his own practice in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He considered his politics as a Tory. He was elected as Crown Prosecutor (nowadays, Attorney General) for Carlisle. He served in this position for twelve years. In 1768, he was elected to the provincial legislature, where he received another “education,” this time in the strife the colonies faced with the British Parliament.
“In 1774 he was elected to the provincial conference that would select delegates to attend the General Congress and was selected as a representative of Pennsylvania that same year. Ross continued to serve his provincial legislature and was a member of the Committee of Safety for his colony in 1775. In 1776 he was again elected to the Continental Congress, while serving as a provincial legislator and a Colonel in the Continental Army. His strong stance for the Colonists’ freedom led to his greatest contribution by being one of nine signers of the Declaration of Independence from Pennsylvania. He also undertook negotiations with the Northwestern Indian on behalf of his colony, and took a seat as vice-president of the first constitutional convention for Pennsylvania. He was re-elected to the Continental Congress once more in 1777, but resigned the seat before the close due to poor health. In March, 1779, he was appointed to a judgeship in the Pennsylvania Court of Admiralty. He died in that office in July 1779.” (Society for the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence) He is buried at Christ Church Cemetery in Philadelphia. 
According to Signing Their Lives Away (Denis Kiernan and Joseph D’Agnest, ©2009, page 125), Ross suffered greatly from gout and left politics in 1777. However, his public service did not end. He became a judge of the admiralty court. One of his more interesting cases involved the extent of state rights and federal rights. The case involved the prize money awarded for the capture of the British sloop Active in 1778. Gideon Olmstead led the capture of the Active. Afterward, two privateers joined in the capture to escort the Active to port. When the reward money was paid out, Olmstead only received one-fourth of the funds. The state of Pennsylvania and the two privateers claimed the other portions. Olmstead applied to Congress to right what he thought was a wrong. Congress agreed with Olmstead and ordered Pennsylvania to reimburse Olmstead. George Ross was to see to the outcome, but he disagreed with the Congressional ruling. He refused to overturn his and the state’s decision. This was one of the first cases involving states’ rights, and it occurred even before the British accepted defeat and the U. S. Constitution was signed. In fact, Pennsylvania was not yet a state. Ironically, the final ruling did not come until 1809 when the Supreme Court ruled in Olmstead’s favor.
“What was quite out of character for John Penn occurred during the summer heat of a Congressional session when Henry Laurens, the President of Congress, and John Penn agreed to a duel over some murky matter which history does not record. The day of the dual found the antagonists and their party of seconds having breakfast together at the same hotel. A previous rain had turned Philadelphia’s unpaved streets into a treacherous quagmire. After breakfast Penn and Laurens were walking together toward their appointed meeting place when the two men came to a crossing deep in mud. In a compassionate moment, Penn offered the older man his arm for support before they attempted to cross the street. History does not record the exact words exchanged but they quickly forgot their disagreement and returned to the hotel without firing a shot—probably exchanging a few toasts afterwards to complete the proceedings.
“The Redcoats proceeded to pillage from Berkeley to Richmond. While at Berkeley, Arnold’s men built a bonfire of all the Harrison family portraits and took rifle practice using his cows. They were repaid on October 19th, when the British Army surrendered at nearby Yorktown, effectively ending the Revolutionary War.” (
“He served in the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777, where he worked on the committees that supervised supplies of ammunition and military stores for the Army. During the war, the British burned and wrecked Morrisania. Lewis would spend many years after the war rebuilding his estate. Morris then served in the New York Legislature from 1777 to 1790. He was also a Major General of the New York State Militia during the Revolutionary War. In 1787, Lewis’s brother, Gouverneur Morris wrote much of the final draft of the US Constitution. Lewis attended the convention in Poughkeepsie, NY, to determine if New York would accept the Constitution. Thanks largely to Lewis Morris’s efforts, a narrow vote of 30 in favor to 27 opposed, was achieved, bringing New York into the union as the 11th state.” (
Every Woman Dreams... 