When the Heart Dreams Romance Readers and Writers Weekend Mixer, Feb 5-6, with Madeline Hunter & Katherine Ashe

Come Join Me!

Featuring a Queen Authors Luncheon
Renaissance Charlotte Southpark Hotel, Charlotte, North Carolina
For people who love to read romance novels and an opportunity for authors to meet and build relationships with new readers in a relaxed casual setting.
February 5-6, 2016
romance@whentheheartdreams.com
http://www.whentheheartdreams.com

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Authors Alley Event, 31 January 2016

 Come Join Me! Authors Alley Cards 2016 copy 2

Posted in books, contemporary romance, eBooks, historical fiction, Jane Austen, mystery, Pride and Prejudice, Realm series, Regency romance, Ulysses Press, vampires, writing | Comments Off on Authors Alley Event, 31 January 2016

A Primer for Books 1-2 of Thomas Malory’s “Le Morte d’Arthur”

Le Morte d'Arthur Audio Book CDs Abridged www.audioeditions.com

Le Morte d’Arthur Audio Book CDs Abridged
http://www.audioeditions.com

For those of you who have never read Thomas Malory’s Le Morte d’Arthur or have not read it since you were in secondary school, I intend to keep this simple (or as simple as a 545 years old story can be). First, Malory complete the story about 1470, and William Caxton printed it for the first time in 1485. Malory’s tale is a compilation of stories of Arthur and his knights being drawn from both English and French sources. The cycle stories had developed gradually, but it was Malory that wove them together into a consecutive and unified order. Le Morte d’Arthur serves as the standard for later versions of tales of King Arthur.

The tale is divided into 21 books. Several predominate themes appear in the tales, including identity, loyalty, betrayal, vengeance, traditions and customs, rules of order, strength and skill, and love.

Book 1 – Uther Pendragon, King of England, falls in love with the Duke of Cornwall’s wife, Igrayne. Cornwall recognizes Uther’s intention of a seduction, and so he removes his wife to the fortress at Tintagel, while Cornwall holds up at Terrabyl. Uther attacks both castles. Uther grows sick during the siege, supposedly from anger with Cornwall and a desire for Igrayne. Sir Ulfius suggests that Uther seek the assistance of the wizard Merlin for a cure. Uther makes a bargain with Merlin to give Uther the duke’s wife. Merlin asks for the child Uther will sire as payment for the “gift.” Uther manages to kill Cornwall in a battle, and then he enters Tintagel in the form of the duke, where he seduces Igrayne. Arthur’s barons insist he marry Igrayne, and so he does. Igrayne’s sisters also make good marriages, with Morgause marrying King Lot of Orkney, and Elayne ending up with King Nentres of Garlot. Another sister, Morgan le Fay, is sent to school in a nunnery where she becomes a great sorceress. Afterward, she marries Uriens of Gore. 

On the night of the seduction, Uther begets Arthur. Arthur is born and given by Merlin to Sir Ector to foster. A brief battle takes place between Uther and his enemies, but shortly after the victory, Uther takes ill. Upon his death bed, Uther names Arthur as his heir. Even so, the kingdom is in disarray, with much in-fighting among the lords for power. Merlin suggests to the Archbishop of Canterbury that the Christ-child will complete a miracle at Christmas, and the powerful lords of the kingdom should stand witness. The lords come to London and, as they’re busy praying in the cathedral, a sword appears in the churchyard, stuck in a stone bearing the inscription “Whoso pulleth oute this swerd of this stone and anvyl is rightwys kynge borne of all Englond.” No one is capable of removing the sword, although many try.

Sir Ector and his son Sir Kay, along with Arthur, mean to participate in a joust on New Years’ Day, but Sir Kay forgets his sword and sends Arthur back to retrieve it. Unable to get into the locked house, Arthur does the next best thing: He extracts the sword from the stone. When Kay and Ector see it, they recognize it and understand that Arthur must be the king. Ector swears his loyalty to Arthur and asks him to make Kay his seneschal, to which Arthur agrees. As none of the other lords could withdraw the sword, they are faced with the possibility of being ruled by an unknown, and they object strongly. They go about delaying the decision by first suggesting a wait of one month and then until Pentecost. At length, the common people accept Arthur as king, and the lords must bend to their wishes.

Arthur is to celebrate his coronation at the next Pentecost with a feast in Carlyon. Six kings oppose him, and Arthur’s army manages to send them packing for a time, but fearing their return, Merlin suggests that Arthur seek the assistance of Ban and Bors of Gual, who make an alliance with Arthur. “Meanwhile, the force opposing Arthur has grown by five kings and includes fifty-thousand mounted knights and ten thousand footmen. They besiege the castle of Bedgrayne, then withdraw, leaving only a few men there to continue the siege. Arthur’s forces set upon their encampment and a long battle begins. Both sides fight bravely and it looks like the battle could last for a long time. Arthur’s forces set upon their encampment and a long battle begins. Both sides fight bravely and it looks like the battle could last for a long time. Arthur withdraws, rewarding his knights and Ban and Bors richly with the spoils of battle. Meanwhile, an earl named Saman shows up with his daughter, Lyonors, to pay homage to Arthur. Arthur promptly sleeps with Lyonors and conceives a son named Borce with her. Then, Arthur, Ban, and Bors help King Lodegreaunce of Camylard defend his Kingdom against King Ryons of Wales. While there, Arthur meets a girl named Gwenyvere for the first time. Ah, so this is the famous Gwenyvere.” (Shmoop)

Le Morte dArthur gorddcymru.org

Le Morte dArthur
gorddcymru.org

“Arthur returns to Carlyon, where King Lot’s wife, Morgause, soon arrives. Apparently, she’s there to deliver a message, but in reality, she just wants to spy on Arthur’s court. Arthur sleeps with her, too, and conceives a son, Mordred. After this, Arthur dreams that griffins and serpents come into his lands and fight with him, but he kills them in the end. Gee, we wonder what inspired that dream… To get his dream out of his mind, Arthur goes hunting. He chases a hart (a deer) but it gets away. Then Arthur sits down by a fountain to think. The questing beast, an animal whose belly makes a great noise like the sound of thirty baying hounds, passes by, followed by a man named King Pellynore in hot pursuit. Pellynore argues with Arthur about which one of them should pursue the beast further, then steals Arthur’s horse, the jerk.

“Later, Merlin, in the guise of a young child, tells Arthur that his father was Uther and his mother was Igrayne. Then, in the guise of an old man, he tells Arthur that he has conceived a child with his sister, and that child will destroy his kingdom. Arthur wants to know if this is true, so he asks Ector, who backs up Merlin. Then Arthur sends for Igrayne and has a joyful reunion with his mother. Meanwhile, a squire brings the body of his master to Arthur’s court and tells how a knight in the forest killed him. He asks for a good burial and revenge. A very young guy named Gryfflet asks to be made a knight so he can undertake the challenge. But when he fights with the knight in the woods, he’s defeated. He returns to Arthur’s court, badly wounded, and good doctors heal him.

 Aubrey Beardsley's illustrations from Le Morte D'Arthur, page 1 www.abovetopsecret.com


Aubrey Beardsley’s illustrations from Le Morte D’Arthur, page 1
http://www.abovetopsecret.com

“Twelve knights arrive from the Emperor of Rome, demanding homage, or a show of respect. He offers instead to give them homage with a sharp sword or spear. Arthur rides out to avenge Sir Gryfflet and engages the mysterious knight, who turns out to be Sir Pellynore. Just as Sir Pellynore is about to kill Arthur, Merlin appears and enchants him into a deep sleep. Merlin takes Arthur to a lake. As creepy as it sounds, they see an arm clothed in white samite, rising out of the water, holding a sword. A woman boating on the lake tells Arthur that the sword is hers, but that he can have it if he promises to give her whatever she asks – a favor to be claimed later. Arthur and Merlin ride out on a barge to the middle of the lake and take the sword from the woman. After that, Arthur returns to court, passing an enchanted Sir Pellynore, who fails to recognize him, on the way.

“King Royns of North Wales sends a message to Arthur, saying he has defeated and taken the beards of the alliance of eleven knights, and wants Arthur’s beard, too. Arthur refuses to pay him homage. At Merlin’s advice, Arthur acts on the mother of all bad ideas and has all the babies in the land who were born on May Day put out to sea in the hope of destroying Mordred, who, you’ll remember, was predicted to destroy Arthur’s kingdom. All the babies die in a shipwreck except for Mordred, who is fostered by a good man until he is fourteen. King Royns receives Arthur’s message and gets crazy angry.” (Shmoop

 The Lady of the Lake Telleth Arthur of the Sword Excalibur, Illustration from 'Le Morte D'Arthur' Giclee Print by Aubrey Beardsley at AllPosters.com www.allposters.com


The Lady of the Lake Telleth Arthur of the Sword Excalibur, Illustration from ‘Le Morte D’Arthur’ Giclee Print by Aubrey Beardsley at AllPosters.com
http://www.allposters.com

Book 2“The Tale of Balyn and Balan: While Arthur’s in London, a knight arrives and tells him that King Ryons has amassed a large force and is burning and pillaging the lands of Arthur’s vassals. Arthur calls a council of all his men. During the council, a woman arrives saying she comes as a messenger from Lady Lyle of Avillion. When the lady raises her mantle, everyone sees that she’s wearing a sword. When Arthur inquires why she wears the sword, she tells everyone that she must wear it until a knight without treachery and treason draws it from the scabbard. All the knights at the council try to remove it, but none can.

“As the lady is leaving, a poorly-attired Northumbrian knight named Balyn asks to be allowed to attempt to pull the sword despite his poor appearance and succeeds. The lady asks for her sword back, but Balyn refuses. Then the lady tells him that it is for his own good that she asks for the sword back because if he keeps it, he will kill the person most dear to him with it. Then the Lady of the Lake arrives in court and demands the favor Arthur promised her in exchange for Excalibur (the sword he got from the lake): she wants the head (i.e. death) of Balyn or the sword-lady, claiming that Balyn killed her brother and the sword-lady killed her father.

“When Balyn finds out the Lady of the Lake demanded his head, he kills her, disgracing Arthur and getting himself exiled from court. So an Irish knight named Sir Launceor asks permission to be allowed to pursue and fight with Balyn to avenge Arthur’s disgrace, and Arthur grants it. Launceor and Balyn fight, and Balyn kills Launceor. A lady riding in pursuit of Launceor comes upon the scene and declares herself Launceor’s love, then falls upon his sword, killing herself.

“Balyn’s brother Balan rides onto the scene, and the two agree to head off together in pursuit of King Ryons so that Balyn can get back into Arthur’s good graces, Meanwhile, King Mark of Cornwall arrives and erects a rich tomb for the two lovers, Sir Launceor and Lady Columbe. While he is doing this, Merlin arrives and prophesies that Launcelot du Lake and Trystram will fight a battle in this place. Merlin tells Balyn that because of the death of Lady Columbe, he will strike a “stroke most dolorous,” through which three kingdoms will be destroyed.

“When Mark asks Balyn’s name, Balan tells him to call him “the Knight with the two Swords,” because he carries two: his own, and the one he refused to give back to the sword-lady. Balyn and Balan ride off in pursuit of King Ryons. Along the way they meet Merlin, who offers to help them catch the king. The three take shelter in a grove along the roadside. When Ryons passes by on his way to a rendezvous with a lover, Balyn and Balan leap out and strike down forty of his men, then capture him. They send Ryons to Arthur as a gift from the Knight with the Two Swords and his brother, whom Merlin explains to Arthur are Balyn and Balan.

“Soon, Ryons’ seriously angry brother, Nero, attacks Arthur at Castle Terrable. Luckily, Balyn and Balan are around to fight bravely in the battle. When Lot (Morgause’s husband) finds out that Arthur has just fought with and killed Nero, he takes advantage of the fact that Arthur’s forces are tired and mounts an attack. But King Pellynore kills King Lot during the fight, and the rest of his alliance flee and are later killed too. Unfortunately, this does not exactly sit well with Lot’s son, Gawain, who vows to take revenge on Pellynore for his father’s death.

“Merlin warns Arthur never to part with the scabbard of Excalibur, for as long as he wears it, he cannot lose a drop of blood. But Arthur makes the mistake of giving it to his sister Morgan le Fay, who substitutes a fake one in its place. Merlin prophesies that Arthur will fight a great battle near Salisbury with his own son, Mordred. This rather upsetting news causes Arthur to become ill, and he pitches some tents in a meadow where he tries to rest. A sorrowful knight passes by on a horse and Arthur asks him to stop, but he refuses. When Balyn passes by a few minutes later, Arthur asks him to bring the knight to him.

“Balyn finds the knight with a lady and promises him safety if the knight come with him. On the way back to Arthur, however, an invisible knight kills the sorrowful one with a spear. Balyn promises to continue this knight’s quest and avenge his death, whom the dying knight informs Balyn is named Garlonde. Balyn and the lady continue into a forest, where they meet with another knight, Peryne de Mounte Belyarde, who joins their party. Unfortunately, Garlonde kills him, too.

“Balyn constructs a tomb for Peryne. The next morning, he and the lady find the following written on it, in gold lettering: ‘Sir Gawain shall revenge his father’s death on King Pellynore.’ Balyn and the lady ride into a castle where the custom is to bleed young women in the hope that the blood of a maiden will heal the lady of the castle. The lady agrees to be bled, but her blood doesn’t work. Then the lady and Balyn lodge with a gentleman whose son has been badly wounded by Sir Garlonde and cannot be healed except with some of Sir Garlonde’s blood. The gentleman tells Balyn he can find Sir Garlonde at a feast held by King Pellam of Lystenoyse, so they immediately take off in that direction.

“Once there, Balyn sees Garlonde, who slaps him for staring. So Balyn kills Garlonde. The knights of the castle and King Pellam set upon Balyn for killing Garlonde, who turns out to be King Pellam’s brother. After a stroke from King Pellam causes Balyn’s own sword to break, he runs through the castle until he comes to a richly decorated chamber in which someone lies in a bed. From the bedside table, Balyn grabs a strange spear. He uses it to kill King Pellam, which prompts the whole castle to crumble, killing or trapping everyone inside.

“Luckily, Merlin is there to rescue Balyn from the castle. Merlin tells Balyn that he has struck the “Dolorous Stroke,” for which vengeance will fall upon him. Next, Balyn meets with a knight weeping by a tree and finds out that the man, Sir Garnyssh, is sad because his lady has failed to meet him as promised. The two of them ride to the castle where she lives. When Balyn goes inside, he finds the woman in the arms of another man. He brings Garnyssh there to see. Garnyssh promptly kills the two lovers, then kills himself.

“Balyn rides away quickly to avoid blame for the deaths. He decides to ride into another castle, despite being warned away from it by a sign that says, “It is not for no knight alone to ride toward this castle,” as well as an old man telling him to turn away. Once he reaches the castle, the chief lady tells him that the custom is that all entering knights must joust with a knight who refuses to let anyone on his island. Fearless, hot-headed Balyn agrees. Before leaving for the island, he trades shields with another knight who thinks Balyn’s is too small. The Knight of the Island is actually Balan, who fails to recognize his brother because he’s now carrying the wrong shield. The two knights fight a fierce battle, disarming one another completely and wounding one another fatally.

“After both knights have fallen, Balyn asks the other knight his name and learns that it is Balan. The lady of the nearby tower arrives on the scene and agrees to Balan’s entreaty to bury the two brothers together. Then she wrangles a priest who gives them their last rites, and they die within a day of one another.The lady erects a tomb for the brothers. Merlin arrives and inscribes it. He places Balyn’s sword in a marble stone that’s floating above the water. He leaves the scabbard on the shore near the island. Merlin prophesies that the man who is able to handle Balyn’s sword next will be the best knight in the world: Launcelot, or his son, Galahad.” (Shmoop

Posted in Age of Chaucer, Anglo-Normans, Anglo-Saxons, British history, Great Britain, King Arthur, legends | Tagged , , , , , , | Comments Off on A Primer for Books 1-2 of Thomas Malory’s “Le Morte d’Arthur”

Excerpt from “Mr. Darcy’s Bargain: A Pride and Prejudice Vagary”

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(P.S. I know “ITS” above should be “It’s,” but I liked the idea of the image even though the grammarian screams for correctness.)
bar·gain
ˈbärɡən/
noun
 an agreement between two or more parties as to what each party will do for the other.”the extraconstitutional bargain between the northern elite and the southern planters”synonyms: agreement, arrangement, understanding, deal
verb 
negotiate the terms and conditions of a transaction. “he bargained with the city council to rent the stadium” synonyms: haggle, negotiate, discuss terms, hold talks, deal, barter, dicker
On Tuesday, I shared an excerpt from one of the three new novels upon which I am working. You can find an excerpt from “The Great Road to Understanding” HERE.

Today, I have a more traditional Pride and Prejudice Vagary to share. In this one, there’s no letter of explanation from Darcy and no visit to Pemberley by Elizabeth. Essentially, there’s no chance for Darcy and Elizabeth to come together until they strike a very unusual bargain.
Mr. Darcy’s Bargain: A Pride and Prejudice Vagary © Regina Jeffers 2016Chapter One”The young lady says she will not leave without speaking to you, Sir.Darcy scowled at his butler. His servant had interrupted Darcy’s meeting with his solicitor to say a Mr. Gardiner pleaded for a bit of Darcy’s time.
“What young lady?” Darcy demanded.Even as he asked the question, he was aware of the hitch in his voice. How often had he fantasized about the woman of his dreams marching into his home and demanding he love her? He fought the urge to close his eyes and bring forth an image of Elizabeth Bennet. More than ten months passed since he left her in the parlor of Mr. Collins’ cottage at Hunsford – left her to her misinterpretations of him. He thought to present her with a letter of explanation, but after walking the length of the plantation three times, Darcy abandoned the task. The letter remained unopened in the drawer of the night table beside his bed.”A Miss Bennet, Sir.” Darcy did not know whether satisfaction was a proper response, but he knew the emotion nonetheless. He spoke to the solicitor, “If you will excuse me, Hess, I suspect I should see what brings these strangers to my threshold.”Hess stood to gather his papers. “I understand, Mr. Darcy. I will have someone deliver the new documents later today. If you require my services after you have time to examine the contract, send me word.””Thacker, see Mr. Hess out and then provide me ten minutes before you see Mr. Gardiner and the lady up.””As you wish, Mr. Darcy.” Darcy felt a bit foolish requesting a few minutes to settle his composure before he looked upon Elizabeth Bennet again. Needless to say, the “Miss Bennet” waiting below could be another of Mr. Bennet’s daughters, but Darcy doubted another of the gentleman’s family would act so boldly. Only Elizabeth would dare to invade his privacy. Although it was early in the day, Darcy poured himself a stiff drink and swallowed it quickly. He thought he had placed the memory of Elizabeth Bennet behind him, but, in truth, doing so was impossible. A book lying open on a table with an embroidered bookmark keeping the place brought him anguish. The scent of fresh cut lavender had him searching his house for a lost dream. Little things brought the lady’s image rushing to his memory. The passion she prompted in him was not an emotion Darcy knew previously or since.”Yet, the lady shunned your offer of marriage,” he reminded his foolish hope. “If she were coming to Darcy House for you, Miss Elizabeth would not require another’s escort.” To rid himself of misplaced aspirations, Darcy had relived each of Elizabeth’s accusations until they shredded his heart completely. “The feelings which you tell me have long prevented the acknowledgment of your regard can have little difficulty in overcoming it after this explanation.” Can you deny that you have done it?” “Who that knows what his misfortunes have been can help feeling an interest in him?” and “You are mistaken, Mr. Darcy, if you suppose that the mode of your declaration affected me any other way than as it spared me the concern which I might have felt in refusing you, had you behaved in a more gentleman-like manner.””Perhaps I should have taken the lady into my arms and kissed her into submission,” he murmured. A knock upon his study door sent Darcy’s musings darting off into the deepest recesses of his mind. He turned as the door opened and Thacker ushered “her” into his private retreat. Darcy noted a man of some girth and dark hair stood behind her, but his gaze remained locked upon Elizabeth’s countenance. God! But he missed her! She was more beautiful than Darcy recalled. Although he told himself repeatedly that it was best to forget her, in reality, his heart sang with the possibility of renewing their acquaintance. Perhaps he could claim an opportunity to make amends. When Elizabeth refused him, for the first time in his life, Darcy held no means of solving the problem before him – that of his obsession with the woman. A clearing of the gentleman’s throat brought Darcy from his considerations. He belatedly recalled his manners and offered the pair a bow of greeting.Schooling his expression, he said, “Miss Elizabeth, what a pleasant surprise.”Surprise was the correct word, but how pleasant the experience was yet to be seen. “Mr. Darcy,” she said so softly Darcy found the experience disconcerting. Did she fear that he would turn her away?”Please come in and have a seat. Would you care for refreshments?”Darcy gestured her to the chairs seated before his desk.
“No, Sir,” Elizabeth said in politeness. “We shall attempt to keep our business short.”She folded her hands upon her lap.”If you will permit it, Sir,” she continued in stiff tones, “I would give you the acquaintance of my uncle.”The man remained standing. Darcy knew the look of her Uncle Phillips for he took the man’s companionship on several occasions when Darcy resided at Netherfield. The man before him must be the uncle from Cheapside.”Certainly.”Elizabeth repeated the required niceties. “Mr. Darcy, may I present my uncle, Mr. Gardiner. Uncle, this is Mr. Darcy, the gentleman from Derbyshire of whom I spoke.”Darcy liked the idea of Elizabeth speaking of him without absolute disdain.”Thank you, Mr. Darcy, for receiving us without notice,” the gentleman repeated as he assumed the seat beside his niece. Darcy sat carefully so as not to crease his breeches. Somehow, he wanted to appear at his best before Elizabeth. He thought it odd: Up until this very moment gray clouds filled the London skies outside his Town home’s windows, but as he turned to rest his gaze upon the woman who owned his heart, a single ray of sunshine claimed its target: the back of Elizabeth Bennet’s head. The effect was a flicker of fire dancing through the red highlights of her auburn locks.He could not aver enough of her: Darcy turned his head in Elizabeth’s direction to study her. Dark circles rested upon her cheeks. Needless to say, she had experienced more than one sleepless night, and Darcy wondered what brought her to distress.”It has been nearly a year, Miss Elizabeth,” he stated as a conversation starter. “I pray your family is in health.”Tears misted Elizabeth’s eyes.”All but my father, Sir,” she pronounced in constrained tones. “Mr. Bennet experienced an episode recently.” Mr. Gardiner reached for Elizabeth’s hand, and Darcy wished to slap the man’s hand away so he might comfort her instead.”Something serious” he asked in empathetic tones. Darcy knew first hand the devastation of losing a parent: He had felt at a loss since his revered father’s passing. That is until he encountered Elizabeth Bennet in Hertfordshire. He latched his hopes to woman, that she would assist him in making sense of his obligations, but he found himself still adrift.”Perhaps I should answer for our Lizzy,” Mr. Gardiner suggested. “The doctor believes my Brother Bennet knew a spell with his heart. We pray for a speedy recovery.””I am sorry to hear it, Miss Elizabeth,” Darcy said in sympathy. “I long recognized your devotion to Mr. Bennet. Yours is a relationship many would admire.”Her voice held her emotions, but Elizabeth pronounced, “Such is my purpose in calling upon your household, Sir. I would never think to disturb your peace unless the situation was not dire. I require your assistance.””My assistance?” Darcy inquired. “Do you require a more knowledgable physician? I assure you Doctor Nott is excellent. I will gladly speak to the man upon your behalf.”Elizabeth shot a pleading glance to her uncle, but Gardiner only nodded his encouragement. It shook Darcy to his core to view Elizabeth so distraught.”Although I am certain Mr. Bennet would thrive under Doctor Nott’s care, I was hoping you might intervene in a business affair, which brought on my father’s condition.””Darcy struggled not to flinch.”You wish me oversee one of Mr. Bennet’s business negotiations?”Darcy would find doing so beyond the pale. He could not fathom Mr. Bennet asking Darcy to act in the man’s place.Before Elizabeth could respond, Gardiner smoothly claimed the lead.”Mayhap I should explain the situation.”Despite remaining uncomfortably tense, Darcy nodded his agreement. He suspected Gardiner’s tale would set Darcy’s sedate world into a whirlwind.”Mr. Bennet, my Brother Phillips, Sir William Lucas, and many others among Meryton’s elite foolishly invested large sums in what they assumed was an offer that would provide them a quick tidy profit. Unfortunately, if what Lizzy and I believe proves true, Mr. Bennet’s neighbors will lose more than their initial investments. As the situation appears dire, when she realized the farce, Elizabeth spoke to her father of her fears.””Which precipitated Mr. Bennet’s attack,” Elizabeth said with a catch in her throat. “My father’s current situation is my fault. I should have kept my counsel. If my foolish tongue causes Papa to…”She looked away quickly, but Darcy noticed how her bottom lip trembled.”Like my Sister Bennet and Lizzy’s sisters,” Mr. Gardiner stated the obvious, “Elizabeth does not only fear the loss of a beloved husband and father, but also the eventual ascension of Mr. Collins as master of Longbourn.””Is Mr. Bennet’s condition so severe?” Darcy inquired in earnest.”My Brother Bennet is not upon his death bed,” Gardiner assured, “but the physician believes him more fragile because of the questionable nature of this situation. Doctor Doughty knows of the financial maneuverings for the good physician also placed funds in the scheme. He remains silent on the subject only at Elizabeth’s encouragement. Our Lizzy convinced Doughty to hold his tongue until she could recruit my assistance and…””And mine,” Darcy finished the man’s sentence. “If you would, Mr. Gardiner, please explain the nature of this investment.”Gardiner appeared relieved by Darcy’s response.”When Elizabeth summoned me to Longbourn, I took the liberty to study the papers presented to Mr. Bennet. Only a man who held knowledge of the law would recognize the circular nature of the contracts. The terms appear quite simple, but there is no means for this venture to prove anything but a disaster. How my Brother Phillips overlooked the obvious is beyond my understanding!”Darcy said evenly, “Most country men of law rarely encounter complicated contracts.””I suppose so,” Gardiner continued, “but I make it fair practice never to sign any legal papers I do not fully understand. Yet, Bennet and the others trusted the man with whom they did business. Moreover, the lure of a quick profit was more than any of Bennet’s neighbors could withstand.””What were the terms of the proposition?” Darcy asked, intrigued by the tale. Gardiner shook his head in what appeared to be disbelief.”Pure profit,” the man announced. “Ten percent interest paid bi-weekly. If a person invested a hundred pounds, he would earn more than twenty pounds per month.”Darcy’s eyebrow shot upward in recognition of the ludicrous scheme. “Invest one hundred and earn an additional twenty,” he said in honest disapproval. “How could anyone think earning a fortune so easy?””The legal language provides the contract the appearance of complicated negotiations. Needless to say, not all the investors provided one hundred pounds. If I understand the situation correctly, some of Mr. Bennet’s servants combined their savings with others from Sir William’s staff. They agreed to split the profit, while others placed more than a hundred in the scheme.””And has anyone known the stated profit?” Darcy inquired. It interested him that someone devised such an ingenious plan.Elizabeth picked up the tale. “All were presented with the required first interest payment.” She glanced in worry to Darcy. “Then the master of this plan encouraged the investors to add the interest to the initial fund. Next time they would receive eleven pounds for each one hundred ten pounds. That would be one and twenty pounds for a one month’s profit.””The investors readily agreed,” Darcy summarized.”Naturally,” Elizabeth acknowledged. “The easiest coins anyone ever made.” Sarcasm marked her tone.”And who managed to convince the good citizens of Meryton to part with their hard-earned funds?” he asked. Elizabeth glanced away as if she hoped to earn reassurance. At length, her gaze returned to Darcy’s. “Mr. Wickham,” she said without emotion. At length, Darcy understood the lady’s turning to him for assistance. Elizabeth placed her trust in Wickham only to have the man betray her. The idea of her coming willingly to his household had taken root and a flicker of hope claimed Darcy’s heart, only to be drenched by the woman’s tears for a scoundrel.”Elizabeth tells me you hold knowledge of Mr. Wickham’s previous manipulations,” Gardiner spoke in businesslike tones, but Darcy’s interest in the investigation had waned. “I do, but…” he began. Yet, Elizabeth interrupted. “Please, Mr. Darcy. I know we last parted with ill-chosen words, but there is no other who could devise a means to recover the initial funds from a man such as Mr. Wickham. I fear he has spent the hard-earned pennies of so many. I blame myself for I did not listen to the doubts I held long before returning to Longbourn from Kent. I egregiously disabused your chronicle of Mr. Wickham’s reputation, as well as the warnings of my Aunt Gardiner and Mrs. Collins. I fully accept my faults, but I beg you not to punish others who require your benevolence because you wish no contact with me.” Mr. Gardiner opened his mouth to chastise his niece for her familiarity, but Darcy motioned the man to silence. The “business” between him and Elizabeth required settlement before they could address Mr. Wickham’s schemes.Without polite humor, Darcy asked, “Do you regret your choices?””Some,” she said softly.Elizabeth turned to her uncle to ask, “Might Mr. Darcy and I have a private moment? There is unfinished discussions to address.””I will not have your reputation spoiled by leaving you alone with Mr. Darcy,” Gardiner protested .Darcy gestured to two chairs seated close together before the hearth.”Miss Elizabeth and I will remove to the chairs my sister and I regularly use after supper. You may view us at all times.” Gardiner scowled, but he nodded his agreement. Elizabeth stood immediately, and Darcy followed her to the seating. As perverse as it may seem to others, he enjoyed the display of the gentle sway of her hips.Once seated, Elizabeth continued in hushed tones. “What you wish to know is if I regret denying your plight?””Do you?” Darcy asked in humorless tones.Elizabeth paused in consideration. “I am known within my family  as the one who speaks her opinions openly, but this is a false assumption. I do speak with some fervor when I feel a wrong was perpetrated; yet, I never speak without careful examination, and I always reevaluate my interactions. Unfortunately, sometimes only experience proves the true tutor.””You avoid the question, Miss Elizabeth.” She smiled knowingly. “I suppose I do for I possess no answer that satisfies me.” Darcy slowly sucked in a deep breath. “Before I can assist you, I must know when you recognized Mr. Wickham’s talents for persuasion.””Must we revisit that night in Kent, Mr. Darcy?” Elizabeth’s gaze sharpened. “Must we dissect each accusation before you will agree to assist me?””It is not the only means to secure my agreement,” Darcy proclaimed. Elizabeth countered, “Did I err in arriving on your threshold today?””Your uncle has identified Mr. Wickham’s deceit. Surely a man of Mr. Gardiner’s aplomb can devise a plan to secure Mr. Wickham’s return of the Meryton funds.””If we do not act quickly, there may be nothing remaining to claim for the recovery. From what I learned from Mrs. Forster, the Meryton militia will soon depart for Brighton, and eventually on to the northern shires. For the moment, Mr. Wickham regularly chronicles the steady climb of the profits for any who asks. Such is what the good people of Meryton spend in the shops of the village. They purchase items on credit, living on the dream fed to them by Mr. Wickham. Why does it matter when I recognized Mr. Wickham’s manipulations? What matters is the lives of innocents!” Her voice rose quickly, but Darcy shushed Elizabeth’s growing ire. “Do you wish me to beg, Mr. Darcy? If so, you may hold the pleasure of seeing me thoroughly chastised and upon my knees. Simply tell me what you desire, Sir, and it is yours.”She inhaled sharply and waited her Darcy’s reply. “I want you, Elizabeth. I want you at my side as my wife – as the mistress of my households, and…” Darcy paused for dramatic effect: He meant to shock her. “And I want you in my bed at night.” Elizabeth responded as Darcy expected: She blushed prettily, but her eyes sparked with anger. “Surely you jest, Sir. As simple as that. You expect me to agree to a marriage proposal?” Darcy leaned back into the cushions. “It is not as if you have not had time to ‘reevaluate our previous interactions,'” he said with practiced calm. “I suppose you must decide how badly you wish to save the meager funds of your Meryton neighbors and how much value you place upon Mr. Bennet’s reputation. I assume many will blame your father for their losses for at your and your sisters’ encouragement, Mr. Bennet welcomed Mr. Wickham into his home.”Elizabeth’s bottom lip trembled, but her chin notched higher. Those eyes which haunted him for months met his in feminine outrage mixed with desolation. Darcy always admired her tenaciousness, even when he could easily read upon her features the creative means Elizabeth constructed for his absolute destruction: Tarring and feathering was the least of Darcy’s worries. He wished to corner a wild animal and tame it to his liking. In truth, he wondered if he were up to the task.”If I refuse your most excellent offer,” she asked in cynicism. Darcy did not move a muscle. “I will permit you and Mr. Gardiner your leave,” he said without the emotions screaming for him to do the begging. “You refused me previously, but before you do so a second time, realize what you are denying yourself. Look about you, Miss Elizabeth. Would being Mistress of Darcy House be so dire a consequence? Would not securing your mother’s and your sisters’ futures be a bargain? You know I would never treat you without respect. Is my offer such a hard one to swallow?””Purely business?” she questioned.”A marriage of convenience.”Elizabeth leaned in Darcy’s direction and lowered her voice further. “Why would you set such conditions, Sir?”Darcy leaned forward to emphasize his response. “Do you wish the truth or the soft parlor talk Society demands?”He attempted to win Elizabeth’s heart by following Society’s strictures and had failed miserably. Darcy assumed one could not lose something he never owned so he pushed against the boundaries of good breeding.”The truth, Sir,” Elizabeth said boldly. In brutally honest tones, Darcy pronounced aloud what he never permitted another to know. “For more than a year, I thought of you as my future wife. I can imagine no other to replace you, but even if you refuse me a second time, I will spend a good portion of each day praying you know health and happiness. I wish you to marry me so I can spend the remainder of my days watching a smile of delight claiming your lips, knowing the pride of observing you heavy with our children, and seeing you grow old within my embrace.” A surprised look crossed Elizabeth’s feature. “Oh?” she whispered. Darcy smiled easily at her. It was satisfying to leave the woman speechless for a change.”I am certain Mr. Gardiner wonders of our secrecy. I will step from the room for a few minutes so you might make your explanations. I will order us a light meal, and we can continue our negotiations while we eat.” Darcy stood to glance down upon her upturned face. His body blocked Mr. Gardiner’s view, and so Darcy stroked a finger lightly along Elizabeth’s cheek.”Before you depart Darcy House today, Elizabeth,” he whispered, “you must decide whether being my wife would be so undesirable. But know there are no more opportunities. Like marriage, your choice today is forever.Her cheek still burned where he had stroked it. Elizabeth could not believe Mr. Darcy’s touch could be so seductive. Certainly, on more than one occasion over the months which followed her refusal of the man, she marveled at the idea that Mr. Darcy could affect her. Heaven help her, the man’s touch could prove addictive if she permitted it. Elizabeth wished to race after him and beg the gentleman to caress her face again. Without thinking, she closed her eyes to consider Mr. Darcy’s classically handsome features.”Lizzy?” Her uncle claimed the seat Mr. Darcy vacated. “Did Mr. Darcy dismiss you? Are we to be shown the door?” “No, Uncle,” she explained. “The gentleman asked us to dine with him so we might discuss the Meryton dilemma in more detail.””Then what has you so visibly moved? You appear quite pale.” With a stern effort, Elizabeth gave herself a mental shake. “Only a bit of mayhem from the ordinary,” she assured her relation. “Mr. Darcy agreed to assist us if I accept his hand in marriage.” Mr. Gardiner blustered, “Surely you speak an untruth. If Mr. Darcy truly wished to claim you to wife, taking advantage of your current circumstances is beyond good ton. And he calls himself a gentleman,” her uncle said in disgust. “We will depart this moment. I will not have you subjected to Mr. Darcy’s manipulations.” Elizabeth stayed her uncle’s rise by resting her hand upon his forearm.”Mr. Darcy’s offer is not a manipulation, Uncle. I have not confided a private secret to anyone until now. Mr. Darcy proposed when we were in Kent last April.””I do not understand, Lizzy. Did you refuse the man? I congratulate you for your denial of Mr. Collins, but how could you turn from the offer of a man of Mr. Darcy’s stature?”Elizabeth rolled her eyes in exasperation. “I thought my opinions absolutes. I suspected Mr. Darcy had a hand in Mr. Bingley’s removal from Netherfield, and I foolishly believed Mr. Wickham’s accusations against Mr. Darcy.””Needless to say you learned the hard lesson of believing a scoundrel of Wickham’s nature, and as to Mr. Bingley, I am not impressed with any man who permits his opinions to be so easily swayed. I doubt Bingley deserves a woman as sweet natured as our Jane.” Her uncle caught Elizabeth’s hand.”You know I adore my youngest sister, but your mother is an excessively foolish woman. Mrs. Bennet never understood your nature, and therefore, she meant to mold you into another Jane. You have listened to your mother’s criticisms too often, and although you pretend to hold no care for Mrs. Bennet’s opinions, you carry them about as if they were a cherished cloak. I suspect Mr. Darcy offered you more than his hand during the course of your acquaintance. A set down, perhaps? Or a snub you could not forgive?”Scouring her brain for some sort of clever retort, Elizabeth finally settled upon the truth. “Both. Mr. Darcy expressed a desire for finer society than he discovered in Meryton.””I imagine those with Town bronze would think as such. Like Mr. Darcy, I am not always best pleased with many I discover in your Aunt Phillips’ parlor.”Elizabeth paused to weigh her response. “I wish I had your good sense always whispering in my ear,” she confessed.”Will you accept Mr. Darcy this time?” Mr. Gardiner inquired. Elizabeth glanced to the still open door. “I do not wish to submit to Mr. Darcy simply to convince him to assist us. Neither do I wish to claim the title of Mrs. Darcy for the sole purpose of securing the futures of my mother and sisters.””What if the gentleman held you in affection?””The man has me at a disadvantage,” Elizabeth admitted. “There’s no means to determine his emotional attachment.”Her uncle’s eyes sparked with mischief. “Then I suspect you should accept the man and sort out the madness afterwards.”

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Excerpt from “The Great Road to Understanding: A Pride and Prejudice Vagary”

I am currently writing three novels at the same time. Two are set in the Regency period, but one is a sequel to my next Regency title, while the other is a Pride and Prejudice Vagary. I’ll share excerpts from those over the next few weeks. Today, I’m giving you a taste of another Pride and Prejudice Vagary; this one is set in the 1790s along the wilderness of State of Franklin. (Yes, there was truly a state called “Franklin” for five years.) These counties constituting Franklin are now part of the eastern counties of Tennessee. The title of the book is “The Great Road to Understanding,” for the passage from Roanoke, Virginia, to the Southwest Territory was known as the Great Valley Road. Our “characters” are the same (sort of). Read on and you’ll understand. 

The Great Road to Understanding: A Pride and Prejudice Vagary

©Regina Jeffers 2016

Chapter One

State_of_Franklin“There it is,” he mumbled under his breath. “My future.”

Darius Fitzwilliam crossed the wooden walkway to make his way along the path leading to the large whitewashed house near the Congregational church. Darius could not recall the last time he attended a church service in an actual house of worship. It was difficult to discover a proper minister of the western side of the mountain range separating North Carolina from Lesser Franklin. Generally speaking people either spent time in reading their Bibles alone or with a few close neighbors, although “close neighbors” were still hard to come by where he called “home.” One of the things Darius hoped to accomplish with this return to civilization was to employ a ministerial student or graduate to accompany him west.

He paused as the house came into sight. It had been more than two years since he called upon his betrothed. Needless to say, he wrote to Caroline as often as his duties to his father’s land permitted. Darius wondered how much Caroline Bradford changed with their separation. He couldn’t say he held Caroline in deep affection, but Darius knew the woman a fine lady, and it was time for him to claim a bride and set up his family homestead. Moreover, he assumed affection would come with their marriage and living together.

Darius studied the well-groomed lawn with a large oak shading the house’ entrance A rope swing hanged from one of the limbs, and he couldn’t help but recall how Caroline’s brother and Darius taunted her and her elder sister Louisa upon a summer’s night.

“Before Charlie lost his hand in the war against the British.”

Charlie and Darius followed Washington through more years than either of them cared to mention.

Darius’ eyes scanned the pristine lawn again before he set his steps for his future.

“Nothin’ like the rolling hills and endless forests of my father’s land,” Darius murmured. “My land too.”

He’d already cleared several acres and began a proper house for his bride. Before arriving in town, Darius spoke to a man about a pair of oxen and a small wagon, more for Charlie’s use than his. It was not as if Caroline and he could share a wagon with her brother on their return to Darius’ land.

With a sigh of resignation, he climbed the three steps leading to the main door of Wade Heywood’s home to release the knocker. Caroline resided with her older sister, Mrs. Louisa Heywood. At one time Caroline thought to keep house for her brother Charles, but after Charlie’s injury, Darius’ friend no longer held a desire to settle down among the civilized sort. Darius suspected Charlie thought himself less of a man and couldn’t bear the possibility of censure.

“Yes, Sir?”

Darius cleared his throat. “Mr. Fitzwilliam for Miss Bradford.”

The maid, who responded to his summons, appeared confused. “Mrs. Bradford be not within, Sir.”

It was Darius’ turn to know bewilderment. During the winter months, he sent Caroline a letter, which chronicled his travel itinerary, explaining to her that he would arrive the first week of August for their nuptials. Although he didn’t expect her to sit at home and wait for his appearance, Darius knew disappointment at her absence from the house.

“May I speak to either Mr. or Mrs. Heywood?”

The girl glanced over her shoulder to the interior rooms. “You’d best come in, Sir. I’ll sees who might be to speaking to yeh.”

Not even accepting his hat, she left him biding his time in the open hall. Darius felt quite conspicuous in his “Sunday best.” In Lesser Franklin, he wore buckskin and heavy work clothes, but he thought his appearance before his betrothed required more formal attire.

“Mr. Fitzwilliam?”

Darius looked up to note Mr. Heywood’s descent from the storey above.

“What brings you to Fincastle?”

The man paused on the stairs to await Darius’ response.

“I wrote Miss Bradford of my arrival. Did Caroline not share our plans with her family?”

“What plans would those be?” Heywood asked with a frown of disapproval.

“I came to Virginia to claim my bride,” Darius said in what rang of the trepidation now claiming his heart.

A look of disbelief crossed Heywood’s features.

“I suspect there’s some sort of misunderstanding. You should follow me, and we’ll address your questions to Mrs. Heywood. She holds a better idea of Caroline’s whims than do I.”

Darius did not like the sound of Heywood’s assertions, nor of the word “whims,” but he followed the man, nonetheless.

Locating his wife in a small sitting room, Heywood bustled Darius to a seat before explaining Darius’ situation to Mrs. Heywood.

“When was the last time you heard from Caroline?” Mrs. Heywood asked in a nervous manner.

“Some ten months,” Darius admitted, “but that be not unusual. Someone must make the trek to Jonesborough to claim mail.”

“I see,” the woman said tentatively. “I suppose there is no other means but to reach the point, Mr. Fitzwilliam. Our Caroline married Colonel Fidera some seven months back. My sister and the colonel have a house in Richmond.”

The woman’s news made no sense. Certainly, Darius would accept Miss Bradford’s change of heart, but did he not deserve an explanation from the lady’s lips? A farewell?

“Charlie knows nothing of Miss Bradford’s decision,” Darius stated lamely.

Surely Charlie would not permit him to act the role of fool if his friend was aware of this change.

“You know something of Caroline’s nature,” Heywood countered. “When our sister met Fidera, she set her sights upon the colonel. If she didn’t reside under the same roof as us, I doubt we would hold knowledge of their courtship.”

Mrs. Heywood added, “It was a speedy affair…barely a month of courtship.”

Darius rose awkwardly to his feet. “I must be going,” he said in poor excuse. “Charlie awaits my return near Evansham. It’ll be a surprise for Charlie to learn of his sister’s marriage to another. I image he’ll think it quite the thing.” Darius reached for his hat. “When you next write to Mrs. Fidera, please send my warmest regards.”

Mrs. Heywood rose quickly. “Will you not say for supper, Mr. Fitzwilliam? There’s no need for you to rush away. We’d enjoy hearing more of our brother.”

Darius wished to be long away from this most unexpected conversation. Without forethought, he reached into his pocket to withdraw a letter. “Charlie dictated what he wished you to know of his life on the western front. I’m certain you’ll find it informative.” With a clearing of his throat, Darius made his farewells, and before Heywood could respond, Darius made his departure.

Once again outside, he turned his steps toward the outskirts of town rather than the direction of the room he let for the night.

Darius wasn’t certain how he felt about what just occurred. Last evening as he fell asleep under the stars, he thought long and hard upon the fact his days as a free man were numbered. He would admit that he wasn’t best pleased with the idea of holding himself accountable to anyone but his revered father; yet, he understood God’s commandment to populate the world meant that men and women must join. Darius was well aware that America’s hope of becoming a great country rested with men like him, who were willing to work for prosperity and family.

Even so, his pride grimaced with the thought of the folly of appearing upon Caroline Bradford’s threshold only to be sent packing by his so-called betrothed’s relations.

“Should I be incensed?” Darius asked as he paused to lean against a large oak. “Odd, but I’m not.”

“Did I tarry too long? Certainly I might’ve returned last summer, but I wished to have the beginnings of a house built before claiming a bride.”
Darius gave a lift of shoulders in resignation. “I suppose Caroline became weary of waitin’ for my return. Or, mayhap, she’d grown too soft to face frontier life and didn’t have the nerve to speak her qualms.”

He gave a disbelieving shake to his head. Scrubbing his dry hands across his cheeks, Darius attempted to bring forth an image of Caroline, but he no longer could recall the bits of Caroline’s countenance that initially drew his attention to the woman. It was expected that he claim one of the two Bradford sisters, and Darius did his best to develop an affection for Caroline when Louisa married Heywood.

“What is the shape of her lips or the true color of her eyes?” he wondered aloud. Darius smiled with hard determination. “How can I blame Miss Bradford for her desertion when neither my body or my heart wished the connection? I acted from duty to my family name. I just wish Caroline was honest enough to admit the life I chose wasn’t to her liking.”

He glanced toward the town’s outline.

“I shan’t be stayin’ more than another day. No sense in keeping Charlie waiting. Will he not be surprised with my early return and his sister’s absence? I can hear him now, offerin’ apologies and excuses. But there’s nothin’ to be said on the matter. I’m free to seek companionship elsewhere, not that there are many women from which to choose in the wilderness, but if’n I come across one that suits my fancy, I’m no longer obliged to another.”

* * *

Eliza Benfield held her father’s arm tightly: They were in a part of the country of which she knew little, and for a change, she practiced discretion.

“Pardon me, Sir,” Mr. Benfield said as they approached a tow-headed man whose hair displayed the signs of long hours in the sun. “I’m seeking the acquaintance of two gentlemen from the Southwest counties.”

The man looked up and grinned widely. Eliza thought his the most congenial smile she’d ever encountered.

“I suppose that be me, but I don’t count myself a gentleman, not in the strictest sense of the word. I be a frontiersman who knows his Bible teaching. My name’s Charles Bradford. How may I be of assistance, Sir?”

Her father stretched out his hand in greeting. It was only then that Eliza noticed the man’s missing hand.

Mr. Bradford shrugged his shoulders in what appeared to be embarrassment. “A gift from good King George,” he said in explanation. “I beg your pardon.”

Mr. Benfield shook off Bradford’s apology. “No need, Son. I’m proud to claim the acquaintance of those who served our fledgling country.”

A flush of color claimed Bradford’s cheeks, but Eliza noted how the man stood straighter.

“I’ve learnt to do many things with the left one. Now, what business do you claim, Sir?”

Her father cleared his throat before confessing their purpose.

“My name is Thomas Benfield, and this be my daughter Eliza. We heard two men from the Southwest Territory meant to set out soon for Jonesborough. We hoped to join them as far as the Salt Lick. Perhaps we can find another group of settlers to continue the journey through the Cumberland Gap from there.”

Bradford nodded his greeting to Eliza while her father made his explanation.

“Where ye from, Benfield?” the man asked.

“Up near the Maryland–Virginia border. My wife and daughters and I mean to claim land in the valleys in Kentucky County. I hear land be available for less than a dollar an acre.”

“Hears the same,” Bradford assured. “Don’tcha have no sons?”

Her father patted the back of Eliza’s hand.

“My girls be strong enough to survive the trek if that be yer concern, Mr. Bradford.”

“I’m just asking what I know my partner Mr. Fitzwilliam will ask. The journey be difficult even for sturdy men.”

Eliza straightened her spine to appear taller than she was.

“My sisters Jane and Mary can handle a team of oxen as well as any man, and I’m not afeared of a long walk.”

Bradford smiled kindly upon her.

“I’ve no doubt, Ma’am. As for me, yer welcome to join up with us. Fitz means to see several settlers to the mountain territory, but I’m certain he’ll not object to add a few more to our party.”

“Where’s Mr. Fitzwilliam?” Eliza inquired.

“To the east in Fincastle,” Bradford said with a smile of amusement. “Plans to get himself hitched to my youngest sister.”

“And you will not attend the wedding?” Eliza asked.

It appeared odd to her that both men wouldn’t retrieve the lady.

“Nah,” Bradford said with a shrug. “I left home at eighteen to join General Washington. My father’s house no longer exists. Only been home once since leaving Virginy. Wade Heywood bought the land when my father passed, and he married my eldest sister, Louisa. There’s nothing for me there. My sister’s neighbors recall a whole man and look upon me as if I’m a derelict. I prefer the wilderness where a man be judged for what he accomplishes, not for his failures. My father left me a small legacy, and I mean to earn my fortune upon the frontier.

“Fitz will escort several families west to join up with us. He and Caroline will share a small wagon until we meet up again, and then I’ll claim the smaller one and permit Fitz the larger. There’s no need for a man without a wife to hold back those who do. Moreover, I consider myself fortunate to claim Fitz to friend. Most wouldn’t consider my needs in such a matter.

“Even so, it’ll be good to have Caroline close. Of late, I find I’m missin’ much of my Virginia roots. We moved there from where we first settled in New York.The winter in the mountains reminds me of both my homes.”

“It sounds as if you’ve found yourself a friend with principles,” her father observed.

“The best,” Bradford declared. “If not for Fitz, I’d be dead in some unmarked cornfield posing as a battleground.”

Her father nudged Eliza closer when two unsavory-looking men passed them.

“When do you expect to depart?” her father asked.

“Three to four days. A week tops if’n we get rain. Can you be prepared by then?”

“Absolutely,” her father declared. “Gives us time to restock some of our supplies. We’ll be prepared to leave when you and Mr. Fitzwilliam make the call.”

* * *

Watching the McClendons cuddle together upon the wagon seat did little to ease Darius’s bruised pride. The couple professed sorrow at not taking Caroline’s acquaintance for Darius spoke of his betrothed to the pair, before he’d ridden to Fincastle. From his own observation, he didn’t think the McClendons would even know of Caroline’s absence if he’d not informed them of it. Married only a few months, they were rarely seen not holding hands.

In truth, the scene fueled Darius’ anger. He couldn’t say he would be so openly affectionate with Caroline as were Ronnie and Marti McClendon, but he’d convinced himself he and Miss Bradford would know contentment.

“Much longer?” Geoffrey Winston asked as he brought his horse alongside the one Darius rode.

Darius wasn’t much pleased to add Winston to their party, but he’d possessed no legitimate excuse to deny the man. Winston served for a time in the same troop, as did Darius during the war–that is, until their commanding officer drove Winston from their lot. The man had run up a sizeable gaming debt, a vice of which Colonel Whitmore, who was a Bible thumper, didn’t approve. Moreover, there were rumors of Winston’s ruining two young ladies in the homes in which Whitmore billeted his troops. But Darius and Winston held a more troubled past than their short time together during the war.

Darius couldn’t prove Winston’s debauchery, and he hoped if there was some truth in the rumors that the man learned something of what was important in life in the years since. They were all green youths in the early years of the war, and despite all that had happened between his family and Winston’s, Darius fondly remembered a young boy who was a childhood friend. He and Charlie certainly had changed; they were no longer those idealistic youths who risked it all for a cause. They still held their values, but after tasting war, they’d preferred the quiet of a mountain stream. What passed for society in the East no longer held a lantern to the freedom they’d learned to cherish in the wilderness of the western counties.

“Be in Evansham by this time tomorrow. It’ll take at least two days to bring the group together. Hope to set out for the Southwest Territory by week’s end. The others might wish to stay for one last Sunday service before leaving the closest thing to civilization this side of the mountains.”

“In that case, I might ride over North Carolina way for a day or two,” Winston said. “I’ve relations that direction.”

Darius warned, “Can’t wait for your return if’n the others mean to claim dry weather.”

“No worries,” Winston said with a grin. “I travel light. If you leave, I’ll follow in a day or two. I’m certain several of those waiting for you are well loaded with supplies. You’ll not make as good a time when you add another half dozen wagons to these three.”

“Will the boy come with us?”

Darius glanced back at the small ox cart owned by Winston. The fellow had won a Negro child, an ox, and a half wagon in a card game. The boy of no more than ten to twelve years drove the slow moving cart holding Winston’s few belongings and a chest of which Darius had yet to see the contents.

“Finny will stay with the cart to Evansham and beyond if’n you leave before I return. It’ll be my contract with you. Everything I own be on that cart. I shan’t forget to make an appearance.”

Darius couldn’t shake the feeling that Winston would cause trouble, but he supposed he could leave the man at one of the forts or settlements they would pass if that proved true. If the worse came, he could send Winston out on his own.

“Before you set out for greener lands, I must reiterate that what occurred between my family and yours is in the past – between our fathers. But know, I won’t tolerate your gaming on this journey for more than a few pebbles. The families that travel with me are under my protection. Do I make myself clear? I’m well aware of what Whitmore accused you back in New York. I pray the colonel was wrong about you, but if he wasn’t just know I’m of the same hard nose as Whitmore in such matters.”

“I’d expect nothin’ less, Captain,” Winston declared in what sounded of sincerity, but Darius couldn’t shake the unease tugging at his chest.

* * *

“Fitz!” Charlie called as Darius reigned in his horse before the barn in which he and Charlie claimed a straw bed as cover each night.

“Evening,” Darius said with a grin as he swung his leg over the saddle to dismount. “Everything go well?”

“Absolutely,” Charlie said in distraction as he looked past Darius’ shoulder to the three wagons rolling to a stop before the barn. “My sister within one of the wagons?”

Charlie squinted into the late day sunshine.

“Fear not,” Darius said softly. “Miss Bradford chose not to join us.”

Charlie looked upon Darius in obvious confusion.

“What mean you by ‘chose not to join us’? It was always the plan for you to marry my sister and us to take up homesteading together.”

Darius attempted to hide his continued aggravation with the situation.

“Plans change: Miss Bradford married another some seven months back. She is now Colonel Mrs. Fidera and residing in Richmond.”

Charlie’s expression took on an incensed look.

“Without even as so much as a fare-the-well?”

“Mr. and Mrs. Heywood seemed to think Mrs. Fidera sent me her regrets,” Darius explained.

He didn’t enjoy the discussion of Miss Bradford’s betrayal for Darius feared it would leave a wedge between him and Charlie. They’d been friends since they were no more six, and Darius would be sore to lose Charlie’s loyalty.

“What’s done cannot be undone,” he said in sympathy for Darius recognized the conflicted expression on Charlie’s countenance. His friend also held a loyalty to both his youngest sister and to him. “Miss Bradford chose a life that best fits her needs. I cannot fault Caroline.”

“If’n yer certain,” Charlie said in a tone that spoke of doubt. “I’d not want Caroline’s notions to set our friendship off foot.”

Darius slapped Charlie upon the shoulder in camaraderie. “We remain as we’ve been for some two decades,” he assured his friend. “Another woman will eventually claim my attentions. Until then we’ll build ourselves a welcoming homestead.”

“Mayhap I’ll find me a woman before you,” Charlie teased.

“That would please me as much as finding someone of my own,” Darius declared as he loosened Jinx’s bridle.

“Any takers for the settlement? We could use some unmarried ladies in the west.”

Charlie propped a leg against the side of the barn to oversee Darius’ efforts.

“One young one came to speak to me three days prior.”

Darius looked at his friend in compassionate amusement. “Pretty?” he asked.

Charlie rarely spoke of women. Since his injury, Darius’ friend seemed to think women would judge him half a man. Darius couldn’t recall the last time Charlie showed interest in any woman.

“Fair enough,” Charlie taunted. “She and her pa, a Mr. Benfield, asked about going with us as far as the turn off for the Cumberland Gap; they be going on into Kentucky County.”

“Then ye better work fast,” Darius suggested with a broad smile.

“Supposedly there be more than one daughter,” Charlie explained. “And the MacCaffeys have two daughters, one of age and one maybe a year removed.”

Darius grinned at his friend. “Should I not grieve your sister’s loss for a few weeks?”

Charlie shoved off the barn to set his steps in the direction of the two wagons and the cart. Darius had no doubt Charlie would make certain the newcomers were properly settled.

“I sees no reason to grieve for something you never had. Caroline’s bed be made elsewhere. Neither of us have a foot in the grave. We’ve a lot of livin’ to do.”

Darius watched his friend greet the McClendons, Mr. and Mrs. Wilkerson, and Finny. There was a quickness to Charlie’s step, which Darius thought long missing. He prayed Miss Benfield would be kind to his friend. Even if she held no interest in Charlie, Darius hoped the woman wouldn’t find Charlie’s injury repulsive.

* * *

He wasn’t long to wonder on Charlie’s improvement. Early the next morning, the Benfields called upon Darius.

“Heard of your return,” Benfield explained after Charlie made the introductions. “Wanted to make certain you held no objections to my family joining your party.”

There was little Darius could say since Charlie approved of the family joining them. He could tolerate a gaggle of females if it meant Charlie’s doldrums disappeared.

“As long as your womenfolk can keep up with the rigors of the trail,” Darius began.

“Why shouldn’t we? It’s not as if walking long stretches is a man’s domain.”

Darius eyes finally settled upon the woman, and despite recognizing Charlie’s interest in the lady, Darius’ body reacted to her appearance: Fine boned, but not fragile of frame. Eyes that changed from green to muddy brown as she spoke with emotion. Skin tanned from the sun. Hair kissed by flakes of fire. Certainly not a woman of which Darius’ betrothed would approve as a replacement or a suitable match for her only brother.

“I meant no offense, Ma’am,” he said distractedly.

“Never mind our Eliza,” Mrs. Benfield placated. “She’s never learned her place or how to hold her tongue.”

In spite of first impressions, Darius studied the girl as Charlie assumed control of the conversation with her parents. She wasn’t the type that would customarily catch his eye, but Darius was hard pressed to conceal his interest. If they were back in England, like when he was at Cambridge, he’d address her as “Miss Eliza” for he learned she possessed an elder sister. But in America, if they were familiar, she was simply Eliza.

Nonetheless, Darius suspected there was nothing simple about the woman. Somehow, he thought the shortened name without the form of address just didn’t suit her. Even with her protests of being able to hold her own on the journey, the woman was as regal in the tilt of her head as any member of the monarchy.

“Do you ever go by Elizabeth?” he asked in a soft tone.

In his opinion, the idea of the “warrior” queen fit the woman who stood before him.

As if she read his mind, she asserted, “I’m not named for an English queen.” Her nose curled up in distaste.

Darius’ lips turned upward. He understood perfectly what had attracted Charlie to the woman. The thought of his friend’s attraction for Miss Eliza had Darius bringing his own desire under control.

“You assume I mean you harm. Perhaps it’s better we keep our connection minimal. It appears I cannot speak kindly without your accusing me of disdain.”

His words evidently shocked her for Eliza Benfield turned several shades of red before huffing her disapproval and following her parents toward the open barn door.

Despite his warning not to intrude upon Charlie’s supposed courtship, Darius couldn’t withdraw his eyes from the gentle sway of the lady’s hips as she walked smartly away. He memorized the way she straightened her shoulders, shoulders that held no sign of the practiced façade of gentility in them. The woman walked as if she owned the barn in which he stood–walked as if she wasn’t afeared of work, a fact that would prove to her benefit upon the wilderness frontier. She was without a false shell often found in society ladies.

Although he set his mind to ignoring her, Darius’ smile widened. Eliza Benfield would make the journey over the mountains interesting. Of that, he held no doubt.

Posted in America, American History, British history, Great Britain, Jane Austen, Regency era | Tagged , , , , , | 19 Comments

Libations and Treats: Regency Era and Beyond

Beer Casks and Tilting: A stillage is like a pallet or skid but with a cage or sides or some form of support specifically tailored to the material it is intended to carry. Some are designed to be stackable. Oxford Dictionary says: “Stillage” is a wooden rack or pallet for holding stored goods off the floor or separating goods in transit. The word comes to us from the late 16th Century (originally denoting a stand for casks): apparently from Dutch stellagie ‘scaffold,’ from stellen ‘to place.’

Stillages are mainly used to transport goods without the need to load and unload the product being carried, which saves time and decreases the chance of damage. An example is the use of stillages in the glass industry, where they are shaped like an upright “A”; the glass leans inward and is strapped to the stillage ready for transport.

A stillage is any device on which a cask of ale is placed for service.
Unlike kegs, which can be simply stood upright on the floor, casks are used lying on their sides. This allows the beer to run from the tap under gravity, with room in the “belly” of the cask below the outlet for the finings to collect. The shive with the spile will then be the highest point on the cask. As the beer clears (see finings), the inside of the cask becomes coated with sediment. It is important that the stillage holds the cask absolutely still with no rocking or shaking, otherwise the sediment will be shaken into suspension and the beer will be cloudy.

A stillage need not be complicated – anything that will support a cask (preferably on three points to avoid any wobbling) will do. At temporary events, sturdy tables or frames made of scaffolding and planks might be used, with the casks placed on wooden wedges (two at the front, one at the back). At the other end of the scale, many pub cellars use specially-made steel racking, often with two rows of casks one above the other. Some pubs have brick or stone stillages, sometimes quite ancient, built into the wall of the cellar.

As the cask empties, it needs to be gently tilted to obtain the last of the beer. With wooden wedges, moving the rear wedge forward will achieve this; purpose-built metal units often have springs incorporated that automatically tilt the cask as it becomes lighter. This requires less effort from bar staff, and also helps beer quality – the lift is so smooth and gradual that there is no danger of stirring up the lees and making the beer cloudy.

Tea: Until the Victorian era, people blended their own tea at home. Often this was within the housekeeper’s duties. Each tea was stored in a tea chest, with many compartments to keep the teas separate. The chests were equipped with a heavy lock, as the tea was expensive. Afternoon tea was generally served between three and six of the clock. Those closer to three of the clock sported a lighter fare of food. High tea, with heavier selections of food, was closer to six. High tea was never meant to be a “fashionable” event. The practice came from the workers returning home from their jobs at five or six. As was customary, dinner was served between seven and eight of the clock. The “high tea” was a quick meal for the very hungry workers. Housekeepers mixed cheaper tea leaves, usually those known as Common Bohea or Common green leaves, being mixed with more expensive teas: Hyson, Congo, and Gunpowder.

Tea Adulteration: “New tea” was often sold in the marketplace. Estimates say 1500 pounds of “new tea” was processed each week in 19th Century London. Servants and the poor working class often sold used tea leaves to tea vendors. The old leaves were redried on heated plates and redyed. A dye containing copper brought back the green tones to the leaves. Logwood would be used to restore the color to black teas. This recycled black tea leaves were known as “smouch” and were often sold to the lower classes.

Lemon syllabub | BBC Good Food www.bbcgoodfood.com

Lemon syllabub | BBC Good Food
http://www.bbcgoodfood.com

Syllabub (also sillabub, sillibub) is a traditional English dessert, popular from the 16th to the 19th century. It is usually made from rich milk or cream seasoned with sugar and lightly curdled with wine. Mrs Beeton (1861) gives two recipes. One author’s recipe says to mix the other ingredients together in a large bowl, “place the bowl under the cow, and milk it full.” The recipe can be traced back to the time of the Tudor Dynasty. In its early variations, syllabub was a drink made of new milk and cider, with the cows milked directly into an ale pot. A variation, known as an Everlasting Syllabub, allows for the cream to rise and thicken by letting it stand for several days.

imagesWine: The Writer’s Guide to Everyday Life in Regency and Victorian England (page 28) lists the Average Wine Prices in 1804 (per dozen bottles [in shillings]) as
Superior Old Port 38 shillings
Prime Old Sherry 42 shillings
Prime Madeira 63 shillings
Superior Claret 70 shillings
Old Jamaica Rum 15 shillings
Holland’s Geneva 10 shillings
Cognac Brandy 20 shillings per gallon

The middle classes drank port, sherry, and Madeira, brown brandy, and gin in place of the expensive wines.

It is possible that distillation was practised by the Babylonians in Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium BC, with perfumes and aromatics being distilled, but this is subject to uncertain and disputable interpretation of evidence. The earliest certain chemical distillations were by Greeks in Alexandria in about the 3rd century AD, but these were not distillations of alcohol. The medieval Arabs adopted the distillation technique of the Alexandrian Greeks, and written records in Arabic begin in the 9th century, but again these were not distillations of alcohol. Distilling technology passed from the medieval Arabs to the medieval Latins, with the earliest records in Latin in the early 12th century. The earliest records of the distillation of alcohol are in Italy in the 13th century, where alcohol was distilled from wine. An early description of the technique was given by Ramon Llull (1232 – 1315). Its use spread through medieval monasteries, largely for medicinal purposes, such as the treatment of colic and smallpox.

The art of distillation spread to Ireland and Scotland no later than the 15th century, as did the common European practice of distilling ‘Aqua Vitae’ or spirit alcohol primarily for medicinal purposes. The practice of medicinal distillation eventually passed from a monastic setting to the secular via professional medical practitioners of the time, The Guild of Surgeon Barbers. The first confirmed written record of whisky comes from 1405 in Ireland. In the Irish Annals of Clonmacnoise in 1405, the first written record of whisky attributes the death of a chieftain to “taking a surfeit of aqua vitae” at Christmas.

In Scotland, the first evidence of whisky production comes from an entry in the Exchequer Rolls for 1494 where malt is sent “To Friar John Cor, by order of the king, to make aquavitae,” enough to make about 500 bottles.

James IV of Scotland (r. 1488–1513) reportedly had a great liking for Scotch whisky, and in 1506 the town of Dundee purchased a large amount of whisky from the Guild of Surgeon Barbers, which held the monopoly on production at the time. Between 1536 and 1541, King Henry VIII of England dissolved the monasteries, sending their monks out into the general public. Whisky production moved out of a monastic setting and into personal homes and farms as newly independent monks needed to find a way to earn money for themselves.

The distillation process was still in its infancy; whisky itself was not allowed to age, and as a result tasted very raw and brutal compared to today’s versions. Renaissance-era whisky was also very potent and not diluted. Over time whisky evolved into a much smoother drink.

With a licence to distil Irish whiskey from 1608, the Old Bushmills Distillery in the north coast of Ireland is the oldest licenced whiskey distillery in the world. In 1707, the Acts of Union merged England and Scotland, and thereafter taxes on it rose dramatically.

After the English Malt Tax of 1725, most of Scotland’s distillation was either shut down or forced underground. Scotch whisky was hidden under altars, in coffins, and in any available space to avoid the governmental Excisemen. Scottish distillers, operating out of homemade stills, took to distilling whisky at night when the darkness hid the smoke from the stills. For this reason, the drink became known as moonshine. At one point, it was estimated that over half of Scotland’s whisky output was illegal.

In America, whisky was used as currency during the American Revolution. It also was a highly coveted sundry and when an additional excise tax was levied against it, the Whiskey Rebellion erupted in 1791.

In 1823, the UK passed the Excise Act, legalizing the distillation (for a fee), and this put a practical end to the large-scale production of Scottish moonshine.

In 1831, Aeneas Coffey patented the Coffey still, allowing for cheaper and more efficient distillation of whisky. In 1850, Andrew Usher began producing a blended whisky that mixed traditional pot still whisky with that from the new Coffey still. The new distillation method was scoffed at by some Irish distillers, who clung to their traditional pot stills. Many Irish contended that the new product was, in fact, not whisky at all.

By the 1880s, the French brandy industry was devastated by the phylloxera pest that ruined much of the grape crop; as a result, whisky became the primary liquor in many markets.

During the Prohibition era in the United States lasting from 1920 to 1933, all alcohol sales were banned in the country. The federal government made an exemption for whisky prescribed by a doctor and sold through licensed pharmacies. During this time, the Walgreens pharmacy chain grew from 20 retail stores to almost 400.

Posted in British history | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , | 4 Comments

Scandal: Ingrid Bergman’s Fall From Movie Royalty

 Tell me, do you recall the extramarital affair with nearly destroyed Ingrid Bergman’s career? What do you think of how this affair shook out? Does it change how you feel about the actress? Leave your comments below.

Bergman had once played the role of “Joan of Arc,” and in the court of public opinion she was “burned at the stake” for the scandal of her infidelity: Ingrid Bergman, wife and mother and beloved movie star, had begun an affair with the Italian avant-garde film director Roberto Rossellini, who was also married at the time.

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Swedish-born Bergman had a married Petter Lindstrom, a much older dentist-turned-neurosurgeon, and had had a child, a daughter named Pia. She had attracted notice in several Swedish films, and David O. Selznick, the producer of Gone with the Wind, had flown to Sweden to bring Bergman to Hollywood to co-star with Leslie Howard in Intermezzo. (The Hairpin) Selznick assumed control of Bergman’s career, casting her in a series of box-office hits: Casablanca (1942); For Whom the Bells Toll (1943); Gaslight (1944), for which she won an Oscar; and Spellbound and The Bells of St. Mary’s (1945). In America, through her films, Bergman earned the reputation of the “virginal, good girl.”

After seeing Open City and prompted by Irene Selznick, “in the late ’40s, Bergman wrote an adorable letter to Italian Neo-Realist director Roberto Rossellini – a man known for womanizing…and wearing sunglasses when most people in America were still squinting into the sun.

“Dear Roberto, I saw your films Open City and Paisan, and enjoyed them very much. If you need a Swedish actress who speaks English very well, who has not forgotten her German, who is not very understandable in French, and who in Italian knows only “ti amo,” I am read to come and make a film with you. – Ingrid Bergman” (The Hairpin)

Rossellini cabled her: “I just received with great emotion your letter which happens to arrive on the anniversary of my birthday as the most precious gift. It is absolutely true that I dreamed to make a film with you…” (Memories, February/March 1989) Bergman and Rossellini met in Paris in 1948 to speak on her starring in Stromboli, the first of seven ill-fated films the pair would make together.

Ingrid Bergman at 100: When a Star Fell From Heaven - Biography.com www.biography.com Sparks On The Set: Actress Ingrid Bergman fell in love with Italian director Roberto Rossellini while filming Stromboli in 1950.

Ingrid Bergman at 100: When a Star Fell From Heaven – Biography.com
http://www.biography.com
Sparks On The Set: Actress Ingrid Bergman fell in love with Italian director Roberto Rossellini while filming Stromboli in 1950.

Immediately, Rossellini replaced his previous lover, Anna Magnani, with Bergman for the lead role in his next film Stromboli. Rumors say Rossellini had made a bet with a friend he could bed Bergman within two weeks. There are also reports that the affair started when Rossellini stayed with the Lindstroms in Hollywood, but the affair became more obvious once the pair was on set in Italy.

Bergman denied the rumors of a pregnancy to gossip columnist of the day, Hedda Hopper. Less than a week later, Hopper’s rival Louella Parsons confirmed the pregnancy. Hopper was so angry about being scooped by her arch rival that she lambasted Bergman often and most thoroughly in her columns. Ed Sullivan, who produced and hosted the biggest show on television during this time, refused to permit Bergman on his show. Denunciations came from the Vatican.

The actress was also denounced on the floor of the U. S. Senate by Senator Edwin C. Johnson of Colorado as a “powerful influence for evil.” He continued by saying, “If out of the degradation associated with Stromboli, decency and common sense can be established in Hollywood, Ingrid Bergman will not have destroyed her career for naught. Out of her ashes may come a better Hollywood.” (The Hairpin) Once the affair became public knowledge, Bergman was shunned by Hollywood and was “forced” to leave the United States. She also lost the rights to her only child, 10-year-old Pia. The international press followed Bergman and Rossellini everywhere, reporting of their “vacation” on a remote island off the Italian coast only two weeks after her arrival in Italy for filming. The contrast between Bergman’s husband Lindstrom, who was described as plain spoken, strict and religious, to the flamboyant, poised and charming Rossellini was the text of any good romantic affair.

The 2 May 1949 issue of Life magazine ran a photo of the pair holding hands and the headline “Stombolian Idyl.” The Motion Picture Association of America reportedly cabled Bergman to warn her that her behavior would destroy her acting career. Instead of taking the caution to heart, Bergman and Rossellini flaunted their affair during the summer’s filming schedule. Lindstrom had no means of contacting his wife because of the lack of phones on the island. He learned of the affair in the newsprint. Lindstrom wrote his wife and begged her to show discretion, but she answered with words of finally discovering her love and her people. Years later, Bergman claimed her marriage was already in tatters before the affair began.

“As the attacks in the press and in Hollywood mounted, she concluded that she had to abandon her career, as well as her husband. At a press conference in Rome on 5 August, she released a statement: ‘Persistent malicious gossip that has even reached the point where I am made to appear as a prisoner has obliged me to break my silence and demonstrate my free will. I have instructed my lawyer to start divorce proceedings immediately. Also, with the conclusion of the picture it is my intention to retire from private life.” (Memories)

Unable to marry in Italy after her Mexican divorce, she and Rossellini married by proxy in Mexico on 24 May 1950, three months after Robertino had been born. Two years later, Bergman bore Rossellini their twin girls, Isabella and Ingrid. Between the two pregnancies, Stromboli was released to poor reviews and poor attendance. Rossellini would not permit her to take roles in the films of other directors, and so a string of forgettable flicks were produced. Bergman said of the period, “The world hated the Rossellini version of me, so nothing worked. It was something we did not talk about. But the silences between us grew longer.” (Brunette, Peter. Roberto Rossellini. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1996 1996. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft709nb48d/)

Scandals of Classic Hollywood: Ingrid Bergman, Instrument of Evil ... thehairpin.com

Scandals of Classic Hollywood: Ingrid Bergman, Instrument of Evil …
thehairpin.com

Their marriage was annulled in 1956. Bergman then traveled to England to make Anastasia, a role which won her her second Oscar. In 1957, she won acclaim for her role in the Paris version of Tea and Sympathy. Bergman’s career was rekindled from the ashes. In 1958, she married Swedish producer Lars Schmidt. At this time, she permitted her children from Rossellini to return to their father in Rome. She won her third Oscar for best supporting actress in 1974’s Murder on the Orient Express. Bergman fought a courageous battle with breast cancer for eight years. She died on her 67th birthday on 29 August 1982.

Posted in America, American History, film, real life tales, Uncategorized | Tagged , , , , , , , | 14 Comments

Sir Thomas Malory, Knight-Prisoner, Author of “Le Morte Darthur,” and Criminal?

We know that Sir Thomas Malory compiled the tales of King Arthur to give us Le Morte Darthur. But was the real Thomas Malory? 

Encyclopedia of World Biography | 2004, COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group Inc., tells us some important facts regarding the author known as Thomas Malory.  “The English author Sir Thomas Malory (active 15th century) wrote Le Morte Darthur, one of the most popular prose romances of the medieval period. The work was the first full-length book in English about the adventures of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.

“Although Le Morte Darthur (also known as Le Morte d’Arthur) is universally accepted as a masterpiece of imaginative literature, so much mystery surrounds the identity of the author (that is, which one of several Sir Thomas Malorys of the 15th century actually wrote it) that any one definitive biography seems imprudent. The only direct information extant concerning the author is that a Sir Thomas Malory completed the book while he was a “knight-prisoner” in the ninth year of Edward IV’s reign, from March 4, 1469, to March 3, 1470. All the rest is conjecture.

“In the 16th century John Bale associated Malory with Welsh origins mainly because of a place called Mailoria in Wales and because of the subject matter of the book. There are no records, however, of a Thomas Malory in Wales in the 15th century. Although several other Thomas Malorys were suggested, the next serious candidate was identified by George L. Kittredge at the end of the 19th century as Sir Thomas Malory, Knight, of New-bold Revel, Warwickshire. This Thomas Malory, who, as the record shows, led an active and colorful life, has been accepted as the author of Le Morte Darthur by most scholars.

Thomas Malory's 'Le Morte Darthur' British Library Add. MS 59678, f.35 Copyright © The British Library Board A high-quality version of this image can be purchased from British Library Images Online. www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/ onlineex/englist/malory/

Thomas Malory’s ‘Le Morte Darthur’
British Library Add. MS 59678, f.35
Copyright © The British Library Board
A high-quality version of this image can be purchased from British Library Images Online. http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/
onlineex/englist/malory/

“Although Malory’s exact date of birth is unknown (probably around the year 1410), he succeeded to his father’s estates in 1434. He served at the siege of Calais in the retinue of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, in 1436, and he was elected as knight of the shire for Warwickshire in 1445. Most of the other records show that he was frequently in conflict with the law, spending much of his last 20 years in and out of prison. In 1443 he and another man were charged with assault and robbery. Over the years he was accused of many offenses, including rape, armed assault, conspiracy to commit murder, horse stealing, and extortion. On at least two occasions he dramatically escaped from prison, and he was excluded from two general pardons in 1468. He was committed to Newgate Prison in 1460, but he was apparently freed to fight with the forces of the Earl of Warwick in Northumberland in 1462. Although he had pleaded not guilty to all charges, he probably was in prison at the time of his death on March 14, 1471.

“However, a recent study by William Matthews presents a rather convincing argument for yet another candidate, about whose life unfortunately very little is known, one Thomas Malory of Studley and Hutton, Yorkshire. Emphasizing a linguistic approach, Matthews analyzes the backgrounds and careers of four possible candidates, stating that the criteria by which they must be judged are certain facts concerning Le Morte Darthur. These facts are that the work was written by one Sir Thomas Malory and completed by 1470; that it exemplifies the religious and secular aspects of medieval chivalry; that its major source is a French book of several prose romances; that it draws heavily from Yorkshire and other northern romances; that its language is mainly standard English with frequent scattering of northern dialect words and forms; that the author was familiar with places, institutions, and legends of northern England; that he was a knight-prisoner while he wrote the book; and that he seems to have had Lancastrian sympathies. Matthews responds to the possible weaknesses in the case of the Yorkshire Malory (he is not actually described as a knight, and there is no record of his having been a prisoner) by pointing out that, although this Malory’s family was an eminent one, in the 15th century titles were used rather loosely and often not used even when appropriate, and that it was not the custom in the 15th century to keep records of prisoners of war, as Malory may have been as a result of an ill-fated expedition to France in 1469. Matthews concludes that since the author of Le Morte Darthur ‘was so remarkably familiar with northern dialect, northern literature, and northern affairs…. he must have been a northerner himself…. probably a Yorkshireman [and that] Thomas Malory of Studley and Hutton is the only Yorkshireman of appropriate name and age who has been found in documents at the appropriate time.’

Title page (N.C. Wyeth) for The Boy's King Arthur: Sir Thomas Malory's History of King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table, Edited for Boys by Sidney Lanier (1922). - Public Domain - https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur#/media/File:Boys_King_ Arthur_-_N._C._Wyeth_-title_page.jpg

Title page (N.C. Wyeth) for The Boy’s King Arthur: Sir Thomas Malory’s History of King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table, Edited for Boys by Sidney Lanier (1922). – Public Domain – https://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur#/media/File:Boys_King_
Arthur_-_N._C._Wyeth_-title_page.jpg

“In any case, Malory related in vigorous prose the familiar stories of the Arthurian legend. The work was first published in 1485 by William Caxton. In this edition it is divided into books and chapters, thus making it appear to have continuity, while the version in the Winchester manuscript is divided into a series of individually entitled tales, indicating to some scholars a lack of artistic unity. The sources for Malory’s work are mainly 13th-century French prose romances, with the exception of book V, which is a prose adaptation of the alliterative Morte Arthur, a 14th-century English poem.”

Meanwhile, The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press, gives us this answer to the true identity of Sir Thomas Malory: “Malory, Sir Thomas, d. 1471, English author of Morte d’Arthur. It is almost certain that he was Sir Thomas Malory of Newbold Revell, Warwickshire. Knighted in 1442, he served in the parliament of 1445. He was evidently a violent, lawless individual who committed a series of crimes, including poaching, extortion, robbery, rape, and attempted murder. Most of his life from 1451 on was spent in prison, and he probably did most of his writing there. Malory’s original book was called The Book of King Arthur and His Noble Knights of the Round Table and was made up of eight romances that were more or less separate. William Caxton printed it in 1485 and gave it the misleading title of Morte d’Arthur. This work is generally regarded as the most significant accomplishment in English literature in the two centuries between the works of Chaucer and those of such masters as Spenser and Shakespeare. The last medieval English work of the Arthurian legend, Malory’s tales are supposedly based on an assortment of French prose romances. The Morte d’Arthur is noted for its excellent dramatic narrative and the beauty of its rhythmic and simple language. It remains the standard source for later versions of the legend.”

Plot of the Story: The story contains the famous legends surrounding King Arthur, his knights of the Round Table, and his lovely queen Guinevere. It is a compilation of stories based upon French and English sources. For the first time, the cycle of stories, which had been developing gradually, are woven into a consecutive and loosely unified whole centered in Arthur and the Round Table. The Morte D’Arthur serves as the standard source for later treatments of the Arthurian subjects. In 21 books, the story covers the founding of Arthur’s kingdom, the institutions of chivalry practiced by the knights sitting at the Round Table, the quest for the Holy Grail, Arthur’s death, and the fall of his kingdom. 

The sample page of the document above gives us, “This page opens the third book. It starts, “In the begynnyng of Arthure, after he was chosen kynge by adventure and by grace…” People’s names and some place names are shown in red lettering, known as ‘rubrication’. Malory goes on to describe the wedding of Arthur to Queen Guinevere. Arthur tells Merlin, “I love Guenever the king’s daughter, Leodegrance of the land of Cameliard, the which holdeth in his house the Round Table that ye told he had of my father Uther.” (British Library Online)

Posted in Age of Chaucer, British history, Great Britain, real life tales | Tagged , , , , , | 3 Comments

Only Two Days Left to Take Advantage of a Sale on 20 of Your Favorite Titles from Regina Jeffers

Js997182225273020514_c21_i1_w250ust in time for the New Year, these titles are available in eBook format, each for $2.50 or less. Load up those eReaders while you may. The sale ends 4 January 2016. BOOKS ARE AVAILABLE FROM KINDLE, NOOK, AND KOBO. 

 

Jane Austen Titles…

dpcover2CFWP Crop2Darcy’s Passions: Pride and Prejudice Retold Through His Eyes 

Captain Frederick Wentworth’s Persuasion: Austen’s Classic Retold Through His Eyes 

 

 

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Elizabeth Bennet’s Deception: A Pride and Prejudice VagaryUnknown-2

Mr. Darcy’s Fault: A Pride and Prejudice Vagary

 

 

 

EBEA Cover-2 copyElizabeth Bennet’s Excellent Adventure: A Pride and Jeffers-H&H2Prejudice Vagary

Honor and Hope: A Contemporary Pride and Prejudice

 

 

Regency Historicals and Contemporaries…

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A Touch of Scandal: Book 1 of the Realm SeriesATOV eBook Cover

A Touch of Velvet: Book 2 of the Realm Series

 

 

 

ATOGraceCrop2

ATOCcrop2A Touch of Cashémere: Book 3 of the Realm Series

A Touch of Grace: Book 4 of the Realm Series

 

 

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A Touch of Mercy: Book 5 of the Realm Series

A Touch of Love: Book 6 of the Realm Series

 

 

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ATOE eBook Cover - Green Text

A Touch of Honor: Book 7 of the Realm Series

A Touch of Emerald: The Conclusion of the Realm Series

 

 

HAHS

Unknown-1His American Heartsong: A Companion to the Realm Series

His Irish Eve

 

 

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FWCCoverjpgcropThe First Wives’ Club

Second Chances: The Courtship Wars

 

 

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Holiday Novella: 

One Minute Past Christmas 

 

 

Do Not Forget: My latest Austen cozy mystery is still available for $4.99 in eBook format. All 5 ***** Reviews: The Prosecution of Mr. Darcy’s Cousin: A Pride and Prejudice Mystery.PoMDC Cover-2-2

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Posted in British history, Great Britain, Jane Austen, Living in the Regency, Regency era | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , | 3 Comments

References to Austen’s Life and Writing in the Film “Becoming Jane”

bj6Becoming Jane is an imaginative, romantic tale that captures Jane Austen’s spirit, while playing with the truth. Many of us who delve in Austen-inspired literature write our own “what if” stories, but one must be able to suspend reality and accept the witty, enchanting romance as all good storytelling to truly enjoy this film. (I did. So, I’m not offering that point as a criticism – only as a warning for those unfamiliar with the movie.) This film takes some well known facts from Austen’s life and spins them into an ingenious tale of lost love.

The film opens in the year 1795 and explores the feisty beginnings of an emerging 20-year-old writer, who wishes to live beyond what is expected of her – to actually marry for love. Anne Hathaway portrays Jane Austen, and James McAvoy plays the non-aristocratic Tom Lefroy, whose intellect and arrogance first raises young Jane’s ire and then captivates her heart.

 

Grosvenor House Art and Antiques Fair undated handout photo of a rare miniature portrait of Tom Lefroy, the Irishman who the young Jane Austen loved and lost and who may have been the inspiration for her handsome fictional character Mr Darcy in Pride and Prejeudice, and will go on sale at The Grosvenor House Art & Antiques Fair in London from 12-18 June 2008. PRESS ASSOCIATION Photo. Issue date: Monday June 9 2008. See PA story SALE Austen. Photo credit should read: Grosvenor House Art and Antiques Fair/PA Wire

Grosvenor House Art and Antiques Fair undated handout photo of a rare miniature portrait of Tom Lefroy, the Irishman who the young Jane Austen loved and lost and who may have been the inspiration for her handsome fictional character Mr Darcy in Pride and Prejeudice, and will go on sale at The Grosvenor House Art & Antiques Fair in London from 12-18 June 2008. PRESS ASSOCIATION Photo. Issue date: Monday June 9 2008. See PA story SALE Austen. Photo credit should read: Grosvenor House Art and Antiques Fair/PA Wire

Juliann Jarrold, the film’s director says that “A couple of recent biographies have sort of honed in on this romance with Tom Lefroy, because it’s the older bios that tend to say she [Austen] didn’t have this romance; that somehow, out of her imagination, she was able to portray these amazing characters. Straight after [the alleged romance], she started writing First Impressions – and then Sense and Sensibility, and Northanger Abbey.” (BTW, do you not love the facial similarities between the real Tom Lefroy and James McAvoy in this pictures?)

bj3The film is known for taking the truth and making it a reality. For example, there is some evidence that Ann Radcliffe influenced Jane Austen; however, the film creates a meeting between the two. During this encounter, Radcliffe asks Austen of what she will write.
Radcliffe: Of what do you wish to write?
Jane: The heart.
Radcliffe: Do you know it?
Jane: Not all of it.
Radcliffe: In time you will. If not…well, that situation is what imagination is for.
The film also provides us with plenty of “Jane” talk.

For example, we hear part of the story/poem that Jane created as a tribute to her sister Cassandra’s engagement. “The boundaries of propriety were vigorously assaulted, as was only right, but not quite breached, as was also right. Nevertheless, she was not pleased.”

When others question Jane’s ambitions to become a novelist, she responds,
“Novels are poor insipid things, read by mere women, even, God forbid, written by women.”

But beyond the plot’s twists and turns, Becoming Jane playfully references Austen’s themes, characters, and story lines. So my question is how many such references can you name? Here are some (but not all) that I noted.

bj1From Pride and Prejudice, we find…
Jane’s character resembles a cross between the flirtatious Lydia Bennet, who loves to dance, and Elizabeth Bennet, whose verbal swordplay with Mr. Darcy is enticing. Mr. Warren is the klutzy clergyman whose proposal reminds us all of Mr. Collins. (He also is a bit like Mr. Elton in Emma.)
Lady Gresham (Maggie Smith) is so Lady Catherine De Bourgh. She does not want Wisley to consider Jane as a mate, and I love the scene where she mentions “a little wilderness.”
Lefroy’s character reminds of us the “worthless” activities of George Wickham early on in the film. Like Wickham, Lefroy studies law, but with not much success. Later he is very much Darcy in his judgment of “country” life.

From Sense and Sensibility, we find …
Like Marianne Dashwood, Jane’s decisions are not based on “sense,” but on her “sensibility” (emotional response).
Jane’s situation, if she does not marry Wisley, will be very much like the Dashwood sisters after losing their home.

bj4From Northanger Abbey, we find …
Jane plays cricket, very much as did Catherine Morland.
Jane defends her desire to write novels.
The scene in Uncle Benjamin’s house between Jane and Lefroy reminds one of the staircase scene between Henry Tilney and Catherine Morland.
References to Ann Radcliffe’s (as well as other Gothic novels) are made in the novel. In the film, Jane visits Radcliffe. bj2

From Mansfield Park, we find …
Lady Gresham’s line to Jane about her duty to marry well reminds us of those spoken by Lady Bertram to Fanny Price.
Lady Bertram spends her days with her pug dog, as does Countess Eliza, Jane’s cousin.
From Persuasion, we find …
Although she loves him, Jane breaks an engagement with Lefroy so that he has a chance for a better future. This is similar to what happens between Anne Elliot and Captain Wentworth.

tom2blefroyIn the novel, Anne meets Wentworth at a concert, where she must translate the opera for her cousin. She recognizes their love still exists, but she can say nothing. “How was the truth to reach him?” In the film, Jane meets Lefory many years after their separation at a concert. He has married and has a daughter named “Jane.”

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