Georgian Era Lexicon – “E” is Next on Our List

In the singular form the lexicon of a particular subject is all the terms associated with it. The lexicon of a person or group is all the words they commonly use. As a plural noun, a lexicon is an alphabetical list of the words in a language or the words associated with a particular subject. To distinguish lexicon from a dictionary, it is an alphabetical list of the words in a language or the words associated with a particular subject.

These examples are a mix of what one might hear upon the lips of the aristocracy, as well as examples of Cant used upon London’s streets and those terms used by farmers and like in the country.

earnest money – the first installment of a financial bargain; often the master of a household hiring a servant at a hiring fair offered earnest money to secure the person’s services

Easter term – one of the terms of the law courts in London, Oxford, or Cambridge

easy virtue – a lady of easy virtue can be easily seduced

East India Company – privately ruled India until the British government took over in the wake of the Mutiny in 1857

Eat One’s Terms – to study for the bar; to be eligible to be “called to the bar,” a man had to eat a certain number of meals at the Inns of Court

ecarte – a popular gambling game

elder – a medicinal berry used to make Elderberry wine

entail – a legal term which indicated that a landed estate was tied to a particular person (the heir); the property could not be sold or mortgaged: An inheritance of real property which cannot be sold by the owner but which passes by law to the owner’s heir upon his death. The purpose of an entail was to keep the land of a family intact in the main line of succession. The heir to an entailed estate could not sell the land, or bequeath it to anyone but his direct heir. Some entails were tied to a title and were defined in the

Empire waist – In England, the early 1800s (up to 1820) was known as the Regency Period, but in France, the same period was known as the Empire Period. England looked to France as the leader in fashion. Dresses with an Empire waist were straight (tube or column shaped) and with a low neckline. The waistline was high, located just below the bosom.

Empire style dress which can be found on Amazon

endowment – generally, this references funds structured in a consistent manner so as to consistently provide an income to a given individual, family or organization.

engagement – as in the traditional promise or agreement of marriage. Upon a proposal’s acceptance, the suitor would seek the acceptance of the father (or guardian) of the lady.

(breaking an) engagement – This could ruin a person. Generally, a woman could do it at any time, though she might be deemed a flirt or worse if she did it often. Older men did not break an engagement, though younger men could if it was determined that he was seduced by a ‘gold digger’.

elbow room – sufficient space to act in

“out at elbows” - is said of an estate that is mortgaged

Ellenborough Lodge- The King’s Bench Prison; Lord Ellenborough’s Teeth were the chevaux de frize around the top of the prison. King’s Bench prison (London) took its name from the court it originally served from the 14th cent. In the 16th cent. it was one of the prisons used to hold political and religious prisoners during the swings of persecution. It later became a flourishing debtors’ prison infamous for the privilege it offered the wealthy

Lord Ellenborough, whose birth name was, by a piece of nominative determinism, Edward Law, was Lord Chief Justice from 1802 until 1817, earned a reputation for being harsh and overbearing towards counsel and sometimes showed remarkable bias against the accused in his summing ups to the jury. 

Portrait of Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough (1750-1818), M.P., Lord Chief Justice of England (1750-1818), three-quarter-length, in judicial robes with his chain of office – via Wikipedia

English country dance – the most frequent dance form of the period; the dancing couples stood opposite (etre contre) each other in a lien; contre-dancing was Anglicized as country-dancing

English Gentleman – a book by Richard Braithwait (1622); a popular courtesy book for gentlemen; a “self-help” book that included the proper protocol in a social context

envy – a common theme in Jane Austen’s novels

Epigrammatism – Jane Austen told her sister Cassandra that her readers delighted in Epigrammatism of the general stile (sic); Austen refers to clever, witty, and terse remarks

Epistolary Style – a novel where the plot is rendered through letters

Epsom Downs – the location of the Derby (in Surrey, south of London)

equipage – a generic term to denote a horse and carriage (occasionally it also referred to the servants accompanying the carriage)

equipt – rich; also having new clothes. Well equipt: full of money or well dressed

escritoire – a writing desk with small compartments for writing implements and paper

Established Church – the Church of England

execution – seizing a person and his good (pursuant of a court order)

expectations – denoting the likelihood of inheriting wealth (i.e., Dickens’ Great Expectations)

exquisite – a man excessively concerned about appearance, clothes, and grooming.  Usually synonymous with dandy or coxcomb.  Typically negative connotations, often used in satire, about a man being fussy or effeminate

Étiquette – in French, the word means “ticket”; proper etiquette was the ticket to social acceptability, a mix of good manners and polite behavior

Other Sources: 

Candice Hern

Donna Hatch

18th Century Vocabulary 

Georgette-Heyer: Regency Cant and Expressions 

Jane Austen Organization

Kathleen Baldwin

Messy Nessy Chic

Regency Reader

Sara Ramsey

Sharon Lathan

Unknown's avatar

About Regina Jeffers

Regina Jeffers is the award-winning author of Austenesque, Regency and historical romantic suspense.
This entry was posted in British history, Georgian England, Georgian Era, history, language choices, Living in the Regency, Regency era, vocabulary, word choices, word origins, word play and tagged , , , , , , , , . Bookmark the permalink.

5 Responses to Georgian Era Lexicon – “E” is Next on Our List

  1. and best of all NO EMAIL, how lucky ( or were they unlucky) they were 😛

    • Not all “improvements” are for the better. There is a big debate here in the States over a new device where police can see behind walls to tell if a suspect is armed, etc. However, what if this device gets into the hands of “peeping Toms”? There is a never ending litany of such complaints. Until the internet, identity theft was not an issue.

  2. Chuck H.'s avatar Chuck H. says:

    In French, Étiquette means label not ticket. billet menas ticket.

    • Thanks for adding a layer to the word. From Merriam Webster, I discovered we are both correct, in a roundabout way. “If you’re looking for a polite topic of conversation to raise at your next gathering of word lovers, we’ve got just the ticket. The French word étiquette means “ticket”; its direct French ancestor also referred to a label attached to something for description or identification. Spaniards of the 16th-century adopted the French word (altering it to etiqueta), and used it to refer to the written protocols describing the behavior demanded of those who appeared at court. Eventually, etiqueta came to be applied to the court ceremonies themselves as well as to the documents which outlined their requirements. Word of this linguistic development got back to the French, who then expanded their word’s meaning to include “proper court behavior” along with its “label” sense. By the middle of the 18th century English speakers had taken on etiquette as their own, applying it to the rules that indicate the proper and polite way to behave, whether in the presence or royalty or not.” (One can tell I studied Spanish for many years, but only managed one French class in college.)

Comments are closed.